A novel methodology for the annulation
of terminal alkynes
and o-phenylenediamines by using a combination of
a cobalt catalyst
and oxygen as a terminal oxidant is reported. This method shows wide
substrate scope and good functional group tolerance and provides a
wide range of quinoxalines in good to high yields. The method is demonstrated
by its gram-scale and broad potential applications. Furthermore, this
protocol serves as a powerful tool for the late-stage functionalization
of various complex bioactive molecules and drugs to provide a new
class of molecules containing two distinct bioactive molecules directly
linked. Detailed mechanistic studies reveal that the current reaction
goes through a novel mechanism different from the previously reported
glyoxal mechanism.
A novel decarboxylative N-arylation of indole-2-carboxylic acids with aryl halides is developed. The reaction proceeds efficiently in the presence of Cu2O as the catalyst to give the corresponding N-aryl indoles in high yields. This synthetic method shows good functional group tolerance and offers an alternative route to construct N-aryl indoles.
Proposed by UNSECO in the Experimental World Literacy Programme (EWLP), the concept "Functional Literacy" is the extension and development of the traditional literacy, and new challenge to the adult literacy education in the countryside. As the result of the rapid development of science, technology and economy, functional literacy is a new requirement for promoting rural economic and social development. Besides, it will play an important role in the progress of rural economy, democracy, living standards and farmers' own ability. The government's leading role is vital in expanding the category and content of functional literacy education so that farmers can improve their productivity and living standards and get rich by functional literacy.
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