In this paper we present a theoretical discussion on how problems issued from discrete mathematics can develop the attitudes, skills, and knowledge required for scientific mathematical activity in the classroom. We do so via the research situation for the classroom model by performing mathematical and didactical analyses of a problem issued from discrete geometry, and we present the results of a preliminary experiment conducted with Chilean students between the ages of 11 and 13. Our chosen problem asked students to tile a fixed square with a finite number of smaller squares. From the theoretical analysis and the preliminary experimentation, we conclude that this problem, and problems issued from discrete mathematics in general, can induce genuine mathematical activity in lower-secondary school students. In particular, we conclude that this problem is effective in developing the knowledge, skills and attitudes advocated in the Chilean mathematics curriculum.
ResumenLa matemática discreta es la fuente de numerosos juegos matemáticos. Su presencia en olimpiadas matemáticas, revistas de divulgación científica y festivales de ciencia nos muestra que esta rama puede ser un potencial soporte para un encuentro con la matemática accesible a un gran número de personas. El modelo Situations de recherche pour la classe (SiRC) es un modelo didáctico francés creado hace 20 años con el objetivo de trabajar los saber-hacer fundamentales de la actividad matemática. Estas situaciones permiten, sobre la base de conocimientos elementales, entrenar a los alumnos desde la educación básica hasta la educación superior a una práctica genuina de la matemática dándoles el rol de investigador. Este artículo muestra parte de los resultados de nuestras investigaciones sobre el estudio de juegos combinatorios (un objeto de estudio de la matemática discreta) y su trasposición didáctica en clases a través de las SiRC. Específicamente, mostraremos el análisis didáctico del juego del Chocolate y la experimentación realizada con estudiantes de primer año de la carrera de pedagogía en Matemática de una universidad Chilena. Palabras-clave: Situations de recherche pour la classe (SiRC). Juegos combinatorios. Ingeniería didáctica. AbstractDiscrete mathematics is the source of several mathematical games. Its presence in Mathematical Olympiads, popularization of science magazines, and science festivals shows that this area of mathematics may be the support for a first encounter with accessible mathematics for a great number of people. The model "Situations de recherche pour la classe" (SiRC) is a french didactic model created 20 years ago with the aim of working the fundamental know-hows of mathematical activity. These situations allow, in the base of elementary knowledge, to train students from primary to higher education on a genuine practice of mathematics giving them the role of the researcher. This paper shows part of the results from our research on the study of combinatorial games (part of discrete mathematics) and its didactic transposition to the classroom trough the SiRC model. Specifically, we show the didactical analysis of the Chocolate Game and the experimentation conducted on first year student of mathematics teaching in a Chilean University.
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