Tactile sensors with both temperature- and pressure-responsive
capabilities are critical to enabling future smart artificial intelligence.
These sensors can mimic haptic functions of human skin and inevitably
suffer from tensile deformation during operation. However, almost
all actual multifunctional tactile sensors are either nonstretchable
or the sensing signals interfere with each other when stretched. Herein,
we propose a stretchable and self-powered temperature–pressure
dual functional sensor based on thermogalvanic hydrogels. The sensor
operates properly under stretching, which relies on the thermogalvanic
effect and constant elastic modulus of hydrogels. The thermogalvanic
hydrogel elastomer exhibits an equivalent Seebeck coefficient of −1.21
mV K–1 and a pressure sensitivity of 0.056 kPa–1. Combined with unit array integration, the multifunctional
sensor can be used for accurately recording tactile information on
human skin and spatial perception. This work provides a conceptual
framework and systematic design for stretchable artificial skin, interactive
wearables, and smart robots.
Patterned surfaces combining hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties show great promise in moisture condensation; however, a comprehensive understanding of the multiscale interfacial behavior and the further controlling method is still lacking. In this paper, we studied the moisture condensation on a hybrid superhydrophobic−hydrophilic surface with hierarchical structures from micro-to nanoscale. For the first time, we demonstrated the effects of wettability difference and microstructure size on the final condensation efficiency. By optimizing the wettability difference, sub-millimeter pattern width, and microstructure size, maximum 90% enhancement of the condensation rate was achieved as compared with the superhydrophobic surface at a subcooling of 13 K. We also demonstrated the enhanced condensation mechanism by a detailed analysis of the condensation process. Our work proposed effective and systematical methods for controlling and optimizing moisture condensation on the patterned surfaces and shed light on application integration of such promising functional surfaces.
A facile and easily scaled‐up polymer‐pyrolysis method is developed to synthesize porous coralline LiVO3 as cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Polyacrylates of Li and V are used as the precursor compounds. The nanostructured LiVO3 delivers a high specific capacity of 307.6 mAh g−1 with a remarkable capacity retention of 80.6% after 100 cycles. In addition, a high energy density close to 800 Wh kg−1 as well as a competitive power density of ∼4500 W kg−1 are attained. Such excellent lithium storage performance derives from its porous nanoarchitecture, which not only supplies numerous active sites for electrochemical reactions, and shortens Li‐ions diffusion distance, but also provides enough void space to buffer the volume change during lithium intercalation and deintercalation. Therefore, the porous coralline LiVO3 justifies its potential practical application as an alternative to high energy and high power electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. The simple approach opens up a new way to fabricate other types of porous coralline energy storage materials.
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