Purpose. To use in vitro and in vivo models to evaluate Glechoma longituba extract to provide scientific evidence for this extract's antiurolithic activity. Materials and Methods. Potassium citrate was used as a positive control group. Oxidative stress (OS) markers and the expression of osteopontin (OPN) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were measured to assess the protective effects of Glechoma longituba. Multiple urolithiasis-related biochemical parameters were evaluated in urine and serum. Kidneys were harvested for histological examination and the assessment of crystal deposits. Results. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that treatment with Glechoma longituba extract significantly decreased calcium oxalate- (CaOx-) induced OPN expression, KIM-1 expression, and OS compared with the positive control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, in vivo rats that received Glechoma longituba extract exhibited significantly decreased CaOx deposits and pathological alterations (P < 0.05) compared with urolithic rats. Significantly lower levels of oxalate, creatinine, and urea and increased citrate levels were observed among rats that received Glechoma longituba (P < 0.05) compared with urolithic rats. Conclusion. Glechoma longituba has antiurolithic effects due to its possible combined effects of increasing antioxidant levels, decreasing urinary stone-forming constituents and urolithiasis-related protein expression, and elevating urinary citrate levels.
Annual pancreatic tumor incidence rates have been increasing. We explored pancreatic tumor incidence trends by treatment and clinicopathologic features. Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) was retrieved to evaluate temporal trends and pancreatic cancer rates from 2000 to 2015. Joinpoint regression analyses were carried out to examine trend differences. Overall, the incidence of pancreatic cancer was on the increase. The initial APC increased at a rate of 2.22% from 2000 to 2012, and increased from 2012 to 2015 at a rate of 9.05%. Joinpoint analyses revealed that trends within different demographics of pancreatic cancer showed different characteristics. The rate of pancreatic cancer also varied with histologic types. In addition, the trends by cancer stage showed significant increase incidences of stage I and II pancreatic cancer from 2000 to 2013 (stage I: APC: 2.71%; stage II: APC: 4.87%). Incidences of patients receiving surgery increased from 2000 to 2008 (APC: 7.55%), 2008 to 2011 (APC: 2.17%) and then there was a significant acceleration from 2011 to 2015 (APC: 10.51%). The incidence of cases in stage II receiving surgery increased significantly from 2004 to 2009 (APC: 9.28%) and 2009 to 2013 (APC: 2.57%). However, for cases in stage I, the incidence of cases with surgery decreased significantly since 2009 (APC: −4.14%). Patients undergoing surgical treatment without chemotherapy and radiotherapy had the higher rates compared with those who received other combined treatments. Pancreatic cancer has been increasing overall, but patterns differ by demographics and clinicopathologic features. Efforts to identify and treat more eligible candidates for curative therapy could be beneficial.
The combination of apatinib and continual nutritional support may be an option for the treatment of brain metastasis from gastric cancer. A prospective study should be performed to confirm this.
Cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare disease with a high mortality rate despite its low incidence. Surgery is currently the mainstay treatment strategy for patients with this condition. Herein, we describe a case of primary cardiac angiosarcoma, including symptoms, examination findings, treatment strategy and prognosis. In 2020, the patient was admitted to our hospital, and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) revealed a mutation in the DNMT3A gene. Generally, DNMT3A mutations are most commonly seen in atherosclerosis and myeloid leukemia. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of primary cardiac angiosarcoma with DNMT3A gene mutation.
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