Three novel LS(2)-type dimeric-cholesteryl derivatives (1-3), where S is a steroidal residue and L stands for a linker connecting the two S residues and contains three benzene rings and two amide and two carbamate groups, were designed and prepared. The compounds can gel a wide variety of organic solvents via three different ways, including mixing at room temperature, a heating-cooling cycle, and ultrasound treatment. SEM measurements revealed that the structures and the concentrations of the gelators, the nature of the solvent, and the preparation method employed have a great effect on the morphologies of the gel networks. It was revealed that 1 is a supergelator for DMSO (cgc = 0.04% w/v) and that the 1/DMSO gel can be prepared via any of the three methods mentioned above. Furthermore, the gel possesses excellent mechanical strength and a very smart thixotropic property. FT-IR and temperature- and concentration-dependent (1)H NMR spectroscopy studies revealed that hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking among the molecules of 1 are two important driving forces for the physical gelation of DMSO. In addition, XRD analysis confirmed the layered packing structure of 1 in its DMSO gel.
In this paper, we have demonstrated a hierarchical architecture assembly from Sn-filled CNTs, which was in situ deposited on Cu foils to form binder-free electrode by incorporating flame aerosol deposition (FAD) with chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. The reversible capacity of Sn-filled CNTs hierarchical architecture anode exhibited above 1000 mA h g(-1) before 30th cycle and stabilized at 437 mA h g(-1) after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g(-1). Even at as high as 2 A g(-1), the capacity still maintained 429 mA h g(-1). The desirable cycling life and rate capacities performance were attributed to great confinement of tin in the interior of CNTs and the superior conducting network constructed by the 3D hierarchical architecture. The novel, rapid and scalable synthetic route was designed to prepare binder-free electrode with high electrochemical performance and avoid long-time mixing of active materials, binder, and carbon black, which is expected to be one of promising preparation of Sn/C anodes in lithium-ion batteries.
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