<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME), as well as their risk factors in patients with early-onset diabetes (EOD, ≤40 years) and late-onset diabetes (LOD, &#x3e;40 years). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients were recruited from a community-based study, Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study (FS-DIRECT), conducted between July 2012 and May 2013 in China. The presence and severity of DR and DME were determined by a modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) retinopathy scale of six-field fundus photographs. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 1,932 patients (796 male, 41.2%) with gradable fundus photography were included. The prevalence of any DR and DME was 67.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 60.3–73.7%) and 39.3% (95% CI: 32.1–46.5%) in the EOD patients, respectively, which were both significantly higher than that in the LOD patients (DR: 41.9%, 39.6–44.2%, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001; DME: 14.4%, 12.7–16.1%, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). Insulin use was associated with both the presence of DR and DME in both EOD and LOD patients. Besides insulin use, a high level of income (odds ratio [OR], 95% CI: 0.05, 0.01–0.51) was negatively associated with DR, and higher high-density lipoprotein (OR, 95% CI: 4.14, 1.44–11.91) was associated with DME among EOD patients. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In this sample of patients with type 2 diabetes, both prevalence of DR and DME were apparently higher in patients who developed diabetes ≤40 years of age than those who developed it later.

To report the prevalence of depression and its association with vision-related quality of life and social support in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) population. Methods: Patients were recruited from a community-based study, Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study (FS-DIRECT), conducted between July 2012 and May 2013 in China. Depression was assessed using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Vision-related quality of life was evaluated using the Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (VFQ-25). Social support was captured with the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Generalized linear models were used to estimate the individual and joint association of VFQ-25 composite score (VFQCS) and SSRS score (SSRSS) with depression.

AIM: To estimate the prevalence of diabetic macular edema (DME) and clinically significant macular edema (CSME), and to assess their risk factors in a population with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) located in northeast China. METHODS: Patients were included from the Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study (FS-DIRECT), a community-based study conducted in northeast China. The presence of DME and CSME was determined by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) retinopathy scale of fundus photographs. The age-standardized prevalence of DME and CSME was estimated. The association between DME/CSME and risk factors was analyzed in a multivariate Logistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 292 (15.4%) and 166 (8.8%) patients were diagnosed as DME and CSME, yielding the age and sex standardized prevalence of 13.5% (95%CI: 11.9%-15.0%), and 7.1% (95%CI: 5.9%-8.3%), respectively. Female patients had a higher prevalence of DME compared to their male counterparts (15.7% vs 10.4%, P=0.03). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that younger age, insulin use, proteinuria, longer duration of diabetes, and higher glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, were associated with the prevalence of DME and CSME. Patients with higher fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure, and blood urea nitrogen were also found to be associated with DME. CONCLUSION: Early fundus screening in diabetic patients is invaluable and given the relatively high prevalence of DME and CSME in this study cohort, those with a high risk of sight threatening maculopathy would invariably benefit from earlier detection.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy on best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and microvascular structure changes of conbercept intravitreal injection for the treatment of macular edema (ME) secondary to different types of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and to explore the baseline OCTA parameters which were related to the change of BCVA and CRT after the intravitreal conbercept injection to RVO. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted involving 67 eyes from 67 patients who were diagnosed with ME secondary to RVO between April 2019 to December 2020. The subjects were divided into branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) according to the involved vessel, subsequently the subjects received intravitreal conbercept treatment. The BCVA and fundus microstructure were measured to identify predictors of effective outcomes. Results BCVA, central retinal thickness (CRT), fovea avascular zone (FAZ), and foveal vascular density (FVD) in superficial capillary plexus (SCP) were significantly changed from baseline to 6-month follow-up in both CRVO and BRVO. In the BRVO group, age and baseline BCVA were correlated with changes of BCVA, while the baseline CRT, FVD in the DCP, and parafovea vascular density (PFVD) in DCP were associated with changes of CRT ( P <0.05). In the CRVO group, the baseline BCVA was correlated with changes of BCVA, while age, gender, baseline CRT, FVD in DCP, and PFVD in DCP were associated with changes of CRT ( P <0.05). There were no serious adverse events (SAEs) related to the drug or the injection procedure. Conclusion Intravitreal injections of conbercept can improve BCVA and CRT and change the FVD in SCP effectively both in BRVO and CRVO groups. In addition, the baseline FVD and PFVD in the DCP were related to the change of CRT after intravitreal conbercept treatment.