A cross-responsive strategy (CRS) based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) through attaching various recognition receptors on the surface of AuNPs for identifying multiple analytes is presented, and the detection throughput and overall identification accuracy are improved. However, the CRS’s recognition receptor cannot get comprehensive information from the target analytes limited in number and type, which determines the overall identification accuracy. Therefore, the practicability of the CRS runs into a bottleneck. Herein, we report a programmable DNA-AuNP encoder combined with a multimodal coupled analysis algorithm for high-throughput detection and accurate analysis of multiple metal ions. The programmable DNA-AuNP encoder breaks through the limitation of the recognition receptor’s quantity. Furthermore, the multimodal signals from target metal ion-induced DNA-AuNP aggregation are related to and observed in the ultraviolet absorbance spectrum, surface potential, and particle diameter. The multimodal coupled analysis algorithm can reflect comprehensive information on the target analyte more completely. Finally, this study provides a highly generic tool for the cross-responsive strategy.

The nature of biosensing is a biochemical reaction. DNA‐based chemical reaction networks (DNA‐CRNs) as a powerful programming language for describing behaviors of chemical reactions have shown great potential in designs and applications of biosensors. Due to their programmability, modularity, and versatility of the DNA strand, the performance of different detection strategies can be improved mainly by the rational design of DNA‐CRNs. Herein, an overview of the fundamental theory and biosensing processes of DNA‐CRNs is provided. Various detection strategies of DNA‐CRNs are introduced, either in a simple low‐order reaction model or in a complicated high‐order reaction type, in combination with some typical cases for the different detection purposes. In addition, an overview of the recent development of DNA‐CRNs for monitoring the cell microenvironment is presented, which is of significance to uncover some specific cell behaviors and functions. Finally, the roles of DNA‐CRNs in the rational design of high‐performance biosensors are summarized by pointing out the remaining challenges that impede the precise biosensing using DNA‐CRNs in complicated biological environments.

Herein, a smart nanohydrogel with endogenous microRNA-21 toehold is developed to encapsulate gemcitabine-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles for targeted pancreatic cancer therapy. This toehold mediated strand displacement method can simultaneously achieve...

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract