Hardware-based mechanisms for software isolation are becoming increasingly popular, but implementing these mechanisms correctly has proved difficult, undermining the root of security. This work introduces an effective way to formally verify important properties of such hardware security mechanisms. In our approach, hardware is developed using a lightweight security-typed hardware description language (HDL) that performs static information flow analysis. We show the practicality of our approach by implementing and verifying a simplified but realistic multi-core prototype of the ARM TrustZone architecture. To make the security-typed HDL expressive enough to verify a realistic processor, we develop new type system features. Our experiments suggest that information flow analysis is efficient, and programmer effort is modest. We also show that information flow constraints are an effective way to detect hardware vulnerabilities, including several found in commercial processors. Recent hardware security architectures such as ARM Trust-Zone [21], Intel SGX [2], and IBM SecureBlue [1] aim to protect software even when the operating system is malicious or compromised The complexity of modern processors inevitably leads to bugs and security vulnerabilities. Processor errata often include security bugs [14].
Compared to classical mechanics, the transfer matrix method for multibody systems is a rather novel approach for analyzing multibody system dynamics. For its features that it avoids the global dynamics equation of the system, keeps a high computational speed and allows highly formalized programming, this method has been widely used in science research as well as design of dynamics performance and experiments for various complicated mechanical systems. Up to now, there have been more than 50 research directions in science research and key engineering applications based on this method. In this paper, the following aspects are systematically reviewed: history, basic principles, formulas, algorithm, automatic deduction theorem of overall transfer equation, visualized simulation and design software, comparison with other dynamics methods, tendency, and future research directions.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.