Molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) are elements of the same family with similar properties, and both of them have high hardness, mechanical strength, and electrochemical corrosion properties, [1] which are widely used in the research and application of hightemperature and arc ablation-resistant materials. [2,3] Mo-Cu and W-Cu alloys are typical pseudoalloys. [4] There is almost no reaction between tungsten and copper, molybdenum and copper in the sintering process, and almost no intermetallic compounds are produced, which is due to the great differences in crystal structure and physical properties between tungsten and copper particles, molybdenum and copper particles. [5,6] W-Cu alloys and Mo-Cu alloys are widely used in microelectronics applications, aerospace technology, and military equipment because of their excellent electrical conductivity, excellent thermal conductivity, excellent arc resistance, flame retardant of fused joints, and other attractive properties. [1,[7][8][9] The addition of Cu and other high thermal conductivity (TC) metals can make it have a thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) close to silicon and high TC. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] When the service temperature exceeds the melting point of Cu, Cu in the material can absorb a lot of heat through the transformation of physical states such as liquefaction and evaporation, and play a role of sweating and cooling. [9] As a result, Mo/W-Cu composites (Mo-Cu and W-Cu) have excellent high-temperature resistance and better ablation resistance than pure metal Mo/W. [14][15][16][17] Mo/W-Cu composites have excellent physical and mechanical properties, but their applications are severely limited by density and interface problems. Densification and interface strengthening can improve mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of Mo/W-Cu composites. The electrical and thermal properties of Mo/W-Cu composites are closely related to the addition of alloying elements, [6] densification of green compacts, [18,19] thermal cycle, [20] and applied pressure in the case of hot pressing. [21] At present, the study in the densification of Mo/W-Cu composites is almost about the influence of a single factor, and there is no comprehensive summary of the densification process. In the experimental process, there are also considerable difficulties in fully characterizing the microstructure, atomic structure, and chemical properties of the interface, which can be described by creating molecular dynamics models. However, there are few researches on molecular dynamics simulation of Mo/W-Cu composite.Mo/W-Cu composites are an attractive radiator material due to their combinational properties of Mo/W and Cu. [22] However, Mo/W-Cu composites materials are widely distributed in
The performance characteristics of metal matrix composites (MMCs) and the need to study their fretting fatigue and wear during service are discussed. Four main elements of the study of fretting fatigue wear of MMCs (aluminum, copper, titanium, iron, magnesium, nickel, etc.) are discussed. These are factors influencing fretting fatigue, mechanism research, life prediction, and the development process of protection methods, respectively. Factors such as internal crack nucleation and development, loading conditions, and working environment are analyzed and discussed. The development trend of fretting fatigue research is outlined from several perspectives such as the fretting fatigue mechanism, research methods, and protection methods. In particular, the current state of research and the results achieved are highlighted, and some of the issues that remain to be studied are illustrated. The combined effects of fretting, fatigue and wear, the accuracy and applicability of fretting fatigue life prediction, the dispersion of the strengthening phase, and interface problems of MMCs themselves, etc., are all issues that need further research. The review summarizes some of the existing results and provides some reference help for subsequent developments.
In this paper, a copper-based bond emery wheel was prepared by vacuum hot pressing sintering through powder metallurgy. The effects of various bond contents on the grinding performance of the copperbased bond grinding wheel were studied using a self-made experimental device; the friction coefficients between the friction pairs and roughness of the grinded rail surface were also obtained. The results show that the grinding wheel had the best grinding performance when the content of the copper-based bond was at 35 wt.-%, the friction coefficient 0.29, the grinding ratio 81.34, and the surface roughness 7.191 μm, which meet the roughness requirements of rail grinding. The microstructure of the rail surface and debris after grinding were studied by scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum analysis. Adhesive wear, abrasive wear, oxidation wear and delamination wear occurred during the friction and wear process. The grinding behavior of grinding wheels was analyzed in accordance with the experimental results.
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