The pilot free trade zone is China's institutional innovation experimental field and the governance of streamlining administration and delegating power, improving regulation, and upgrading services is the core of China's government management reform. This paper took the overall plans of China's 12 pilot free trade zones as the analysis objects, and used R language and social network analysis methods to explore the focus of the governance and divided the policy tools for it into three categories. The study found that the three types of policy tools in China's 11 free trade zones are mainly characterized by decentralization to the market and society, strengthening credit rating-based regulation and optimizing intellectual property services. There are problems such as insufficient empowerment of the free trade zone government, limited attention to the rule of law and fairness, and narrow coverage of public services. The study also analyzed the relative differences in the policy tools between Hainan free trade zone and other 11 free trade zones, and proposes to make the three types of policy tools coherent and optimize specifically to promote collaborative governance of streamlining administration and delegating power, improving regulation, and upgrading services and improve its ability of the free trade zone government effectively.
Employment poverty alleviation plays a paramount role in establishing a stable long-term mechanism for poverty alleviation by improving the ability of poor labor force and promoting the income of the poor population. A two-dimensional analysis framework of "policy toolrelease hierarchy" was established. Based on the policies related to employment poverty alleviation by the central government and local government in China from 2016 to 2019, Nvivo was used to code and analyze the policy contents. The results show that supply-oriented policy tools account for 49% of the central government's policy tools and 58% of the local government's policy tools. Secondly, environment-oriented policy tools account for 41% of the central government's policy tools and 37% of the local government's policy tools. Then, demand-oriented policies account for 10% of the central government's policy tools and 5% of the local government's policy tools. Both the central government and the local government prefer to use environment-oriented and supply-oriented policy tools, and the demand-oriented policy tools are underused. At the same time, the internal structure of supply-oriented and environment-oriented policy tools is not balanced. In the supply-oriented policy tools, capital investment accounts for a large proportion, and yet the proportion of personnel training and technical support is relatively low. In the environment-oriented policy tools, the proportion of strategic measures and system planning is larger, and yet the proportion of tax incentives and regulation is low. In the future, the government should appropriately increase the proportion of demand-oriented policy tools, and pay attention to the internal structure optimization of supply-oriented and environment-oriented policy tools.
Scientific policy transmission is the key for local governments to effectively control pollution from livestock breeding. This study collects the livestock manure treatment policy texts and livestock feeding data of 70 local governments, and uses data mining and related analysis methods to analyze the relationships between actions, actors and the effect of livestock breeding pollution control in local government policies. The results show that: the better the transmission of actions and the greater the number of actors involved in transmission of actions, the better effect of livestock breeding pollution control. It is necessary to strengthen collaboration with Department of Natural Resources in building a cycle of planting and breeding development mechanism as well as acceleration of the transformation and upgrading of animal husbandry. Meanwhile, the collaboration with Department of Science and Technology should be enhanced in strengthening fiscal and taxation policy support, and coordinating the solution of land and electricity use problems.
Constructing a collaborative mechanism through the self-organizing movement within the system is the main development direction of China’s future mechanism of innovation. The reform of the administrative system can give full play to the role of the collaborative mechanism. This article comprehensively uses data mining and social network analysis to analyze the collaboration of China’s municipal departments in air pollution control. Text data includes 101 municipal policies. The paper reveals the collaboration problems in air pollution control and proposes suggestions from the perspective of the departmental responsibility. First, from the perspective of inter-departmental collaboration, the lack of responsibility for Department of Finance, Department of Housing and Urban-rural Development, Department of Ecology and Environment, Department of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Transport, Department of Public Security, and Department of Development and Reform is the most obvious, indicating that the comprehensive management departments should be strengthened to assume responsibilities, while the specialized management departments should also be strengthened. Second, from the perspective of intra-departmental responsibility collaboration, the most obvious situation is that the collaborations of responsible for promoting new-energy vehicles, air pollution control in autumn and winter, increasing tax-free incentive policy support, development of inter-modality, adjusting regional industrial layout, optimizing freight structure, and increasing economic policy support are insufficient. The number of departments responsible for supervision should be increased, as well as the number of departments responsible for guidance.
With the in-depth development of intelligent society, providing highquality public services has become an important topic in the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity. In order to investigate the quality of public services in China, this paper selects the relevant data of 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2019 in the China Statistical Yearbook to study the coordination between basic public services and economic development. Firstly, the entropy method is used to calculate the comprehensive score. Secondly, the coordination degree is calculated by using the coupling coordination degree model. Thirdly, the global autocorrelation and spatial autocorrelation index are calculated by using the spatial autocorrelation model, and the spatial changes are displayed by ArcGIS. We found that: (1) the coordination level between basic public services and economic development has gradually improved. (2) The degree of coordination has obvious spatial differentiation. (3) The value gradually expanded from the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta to the West. This study can provide reference for promoting the construction of basic public services and regional integration.
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