In this work, a core-shell-like sphere ruthenium catalyst, named as 5%Ru/γ-Al2O3@ASMA, has been successfully synthesized through impregnating the ruthenium nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of the amino poly (styrene-co-maleic) polymer (ASMA) encapsulating γ-Al2O3 pellet support. The interaction between the Ru cations and the electro-donating polymer shell rich in hydroxyl and amino groups through the coordination bond would guarantee that the Ru NPs can be highly dispersed and firmly embedded on the surface of the support. In addition, the solid sphere γ-Al2O3 pellet could serve as the core to support the resulted catalysts applied in the flow process in a trickle bed reactor to promote the productivity. The resulted catalyst 5%Ru/γ-Al2O3@ASMA can be applied efficiently in the glucose hydrogenation and presents a steadfast sorbitol yield of almost 90% both in batch reactor and the trickle bed reactor, indicating the potential feasibility of the core-shell-like catalyst in the efficient production of sorbitol.
The Flory-Huggins theory of polymer solutions combined with an evaporation process was employed to interpret the preparation mechanism of a super-hydrophobic surface by phase separation. The ternary phase diagram of a polymer/ solvent/ nonsolvent was calculated by using the solubility parameters of the components in the system. It indicated that with the increase of the nonsolvent fraction, the initial volume fraction of the polymer or the evaporation rate of the solvent, the evaporation time for phase separation would shorten and the phase separation rate would speed up. The polymer volume fraction in the dense phase would increase and the precipitating particles tended ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 to collide and aggregate, resulting in a rough, super-hydrophobic surface. Experimental results were in agreement with this principle of phase separation for preparing super-hydrophobic surfaces. Membranes of acrylic resin and fluorinated acrylic resin with rough surfaces were successfully obtained by the phase separation method.Especially, the water contact angle of the fluorine-containing acrylic resin with the rough surface was greater than 150°, which satisfied the requirement of super-hydrophobicity.
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