With the continuous development of agricultural informatization and mechanized high-tech, the degree of agricultural automation is increasing. The single-chip microcomputer equipment has many advantages such as diverse functions, simple circuits, and low cost, and has broad market prospects. Therefore, the measurement of soil moisture and fertility based on single-chip microcomputers can be widely used in the market. This design is the design of soil moisture and fertility detection system. The system uses STC89C52 microcontroller as the control center of the system, uses the YL69 humidity sensor as the soil humidity sensor module, uses the JXBS-3001-NPK soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium three-in-one fertility sensor as the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor module, and uses LCD12864 The display is used as the display module of the system, the buzzer is used as the notification module, and the button module is used to set the upper and lower limit values of the preset value of soil moisture and fertility. The soil moisture signal is collected through the YL-69 humidity sensor, the soil fertility signal is collected through the JXBS-3001-NPK soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium three-in-one fertility sensor, and the single chip STC89C52 processes the signal and outputs the control signal to control the Buzzer sounds. At the same time, the single-chip microcomputer sends the data that is not within the range of our preset value to the display screen to make a mark.
This paper identifies a lost Old Tibetan version of the Mūlasarvāstivāda-Ekottarakarmaśataka (hereafter, EK) as preserved in Dunhuang Tibetan fragments. It firstly gives a brief introduction to the related Tibetan manuscripts Pelliot tibétain 945 and Indian Office Library Tibetan J 596, and then analyses the textual nature of the Old Tibetan version of the EK preserved in these manuscripts by comparing with its cognate Chinese version, i.e., Genbenshuoyiqieyoubu baiyijiemo 根本說一切有部百一羯磨 (T 1453) translated by Yi Jing 義淨 (635–713 CE). Then, it focuses on the passage of the tarjanīyakarman (Tib. bsdigs pa’i las, Chin. 令怖羯磨), one of the ecclesiastical rituals for punishment in the Buddhist Order, as seen in the Old Tibetan version of the EK. It reveals that the tarjanīyakarman passage therein is textually related to, even derived mutatis mutandis from, Pāṇḍulohitakavastu. In sum, this paper introduces for the first time the ‘true’ Tibetan version of the EK long forgotten yet preserved in Dunhuang, and attempts to show its affiliation with the Mūlasarvāstivāda tradition.
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