Porous liquids (PLs), an emerging type of flowing liquid materials that combine the merits of porous solids and flowing liquids, have garnered immense attention since the concept of PLs was proposed in 2007. Meanwhile, PLs have witnessed growing success in versatile synthesis strategies and emerging applications, especially since 2017. Given the lack of a timely comprehensive review, developing a prompt summary with a comprehensive understanding is undoubtedly urgent. Thus, this critical review offers a comprehensive summary of the progress in fundamental chemistry, developmental history, synthetic strategies, and emerging applications of PLs. First, the fundamental chemistry and developmental history are reviewed. Then, the synthesis strategies of PLs are highlighted. Additionally, crosscutting studies of pure theoretical simulations are reviewed. Meanwhile, the daunting characterization issues of PLs are analyzed. Next, the state-of-the-art of PLs applications is reviewed in detail. In the end, perspectives regarding the remaining challenges and future directions for PLs are presented. It is speculated that this critical comprehensive review of PLs could inspire scientific communities who focus on the taskspecific materials for various applications, such as gas sorption, membrane separation, catalytic conversion, chiral separation, thermal management and electrolyte, and so on.
Electrochromic
materials hold great promise in energy-saving windows
of buildings and various functional glasses. When constructing a private
space, it is difficult for electrochromic materials to achieve zero
transmission in the entire visible light range and achieve 100% privacy,
which limits their applications in public places. In this work, a
metal organic framework-derived nanostructured NiO@C film was prepared,
and a green multivalent cation (Zn2+, Al3+)
aqueous solution was used as the electrolyte to provide multiple electrons
in electrochromism. This system can achieve low transmittance, rapid
response, and good stability. The as-obtained NiO@C material can achieve
zero transmission in the range of 300–1600 nm. After 100 cycles,
the response time is still fast and there is almost no performance
degradation, which provides new possibility for the application of
private windows and the essence of other functional windows.
Structural and compositional modulation of low-cost hydroxide is important for making efficient electrocatalysts of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and it is an ongoing challenge. Here, Ni−Fe−W hydroxide complex by incorporation of tungsten into nickel−iron layered double hydroxide was proposed and investigated. As-formed Ni−Fe− W hydroxide nanosheets are highly porous and self-supported on the carbon fiber substrates, which promote the exposure of the active metal sites for significantly enhanced OER activity. Moreover, the as-introduced tungsten is evidenced to be in a W 6+ oxidation state which can facilitate charge transfer and electron capture and thereby decrease the critical conversion barrier of the absorbed OH − to O radical in OER. A series of Ni−Fe−W hydroxides were prepared, with the best molar ratio of Ni−Fe−W sources being 6:2:1. The optimal Ni 6 Fe 2 W-LDH@carbon fiber electrode delivers a low overpotential of 264 mV at 10 mA cm −2 and high stability (only 1.6% of the potential increase after 10 h) in alkaline electrolyte. Moreover, the structure of the constructed Ni−Fe−W hydroxide is evidenced to be stable and important for the electrocatalytically stable. The study is expected to open a new avenue in developing multiple hydroxides for low-cost and efficient electrocatalysts.
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