This study profiled the microbiota of patients with GM and indicated an important role for Corynebacterium, and in particular C. kroppenstedtii, in the pathogenesis of this disease.

Invasive group B Streptococcus (GBS) remains a leading cause of illness and death among infants globally. We conducted prospective and retrospective laboratory-based surveillance of GBS-positive cultures from infants <3 months of age in 18 hospitals across China during January 1, 2015–December 31, 2017. The overall incidence of GBS was 0.31 (95% CI 0.27–0.36) cases/1,000 live births; incidence was 0–0.76 cases/1,000 live births across participating hospitals. The case-fatality rate was 2.3%. We estimated 13,604 cases of GBS and 1,142 GBS–associated deaths in infants <90 days of age annually in China. GBS isolates were most commonly serotype III (61.5%) and clonal complex 17 (40.6%). Enhanced active surveillance and implementation of preventive strategies, such as maternal GBS vaccination, warrants further investigation in China to help prevent these infections.

BackgroundGroup B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in infants in both developed and developing countries. To our knowledge, only a few studies have been reported the clinical features, treatment and outcomes of the GBS disease in China. The severity of neonatal GBS disease in China remains unclear. Population-based surveillance in China is therefore required.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data of <3 months old infants with culture-positive GBS in sterile samples from three large urban tertiary hospitals in South China from Jan 2011 to Dec 2014. The GBS isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility were routinely identified in clinical laboratories in participating hospitals. Serotyping and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were also conducted for further analysis of the neonatal GBS disease.ResultsTotal 70 cases of culture-confirmed invasive GBS infection were identified from 127,206 live births born in studying hospitals, giving an overall incidence of 0.55 per 1000 live births (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44–0.69). They consisted of 49 with early-onset disease (EOD, 0.39 per 1000 live births (95% CI 0.29–0.51)) and 21 with late-onset disease (LOD, 0.17 per 1000 live births (95% CI 0.11–0.25)). The incidence of EOD increased significantly over the studying period. Five infants (4 EOD and 1 LOD) died before discharge giving a mortality rate of 7.1% and five infants (7.1%, 2 EOD and 3 LOD) had neurological sequelae. Within 68 GBS isolates from GBS cases who born in the studying hospitals or elsewhere, serotype III accounted for 77.9%, followed by Ib (14.7%), V (4.4%), and Ia (2.9%). MLST analysis revealed the presence of 13 different sequence types among the 68 GBS isolates and ST-17 was the most frequent sequence type (63.2%). All isolates were susceptible to penicillin, ceftriaxone, vancomycin and linezolid, while 57.4% and 51.5% were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin, respectively.ConclusionsThis study gains the insight into the spectrum of GBS infection in south China which will facilitate the development of the guidance for reasonable antibiotics usage and will provide evidence for the implementation of potential GBS vaccines in the future.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-017-2811-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background Preterm and low birth weight (birth weight <2500 g) neonates are vulnerable to sepsis, and the causative pathogens vary in different regions and times. The objective of this study was to identify common organisms leading to neonatal sepsis and identify the characteristic of patients infected with different bacteria, which may help in the selection of antibiotics for empirical treatment. Material/Methods We retrospectively collected the clinical and microbiological data of neonates with culture-proven sepsis in our clinical setting from June 2011 to June 2017. The demography, composition, and distribution of the pathogens and the clinical characteristic of the cases infected with different bacteria were analyzed. Results Of a total of 1048 bacteria that were isolated from patient samples, detailed clinical and microbiological data of 297 cases were available. Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (co-NS) were the top 3 isolated pathogens . Streptococcus agalactiae predominantly led to early-onset sepsis, while K. pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus mainly led to late-onset sepsis. K. pneumoniae was mainly acquired in the hospital. Leukopenia was more commonly seen than leukocytosis in our study, and patients infected with K. pneumoniae and Candida spp encountered more thrombocytopenia. Conclusions The results of our study revealed the composition of the pathogens of neonatal sepsis in our region and the clinical characteristic of sepsis caused by different bacteria; these data may help in the selection of antibiotics for empirical treatment of neonates with high risk of sepsis.

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