Objective: Tetratricopeptide repeat (TRP)-mediated cofactor proteins are involved in a wide range of cancers. TTC36 is little studied member of TRP subfamily. This study aimed to investigate the role of TTC36 in human gastric carcinoma (GC) and explore the potential underlying mechanisms. Methods: The analysis of TTC36 differential expression in GC was conducted using data from TCGA and a human tissue microarray. And effects of TTC36 expression on the prognosis of patients with gastric carcinoma were analyzed using the data from the GEO database. Lentivirus was transfected into the cell lines of AGS and BGC823 to construct overexpression and knocked down TTC36 cell model respectively. The effect of TTC36 expression on the growth, apoptosis and cell cycle of cells was explored in vitro. Downstream molecules were detected by western blotting. GSEA predicted signal pathway and related proteins were then detected. Results: TTC36 expression in human GC tissues was found significantly lower than that in adjacent normal tissues and closely related to clinical prognosis. The overexpression of TTC36 notably inhibited tumor progression, cell cycle G1/S transfer and increased apoptosis in AGS cells. Conversely, the opposite effects were observed when TTC36 was suppressed in BGC823 cells. The expression of cleaved caspase3, Survivin, cyclin D1 and c-Myc were consistent with the phenotype in TTC36 operated GC cell lines. Intriguingly, GSEA analysis predicted Wnt-β-catenin pathway involved in TTC36 induced effects in GC cells, expression of β-catenin and downstream molecules such as TCF4, c-jun and pAKT were found negative related to TTC36 expression in GC cells. Notably, treatment with the Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor XAV939 dramatically attenuated the effects of TTC36 in GC cells. Conclusion: These results signify a critical role for TTC36 as a tumor suppressor in gastric carcinoma via regulating Wnt-β-catenin pathway.
Background Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can promote plant growth and enhance plant tolerance to salt stress. Pseudomonas sp. strain M30-35 might confer abiotic stress tolerance to its host plants. We evaluated the effects of M30-35 inoculation on the growth and metabolite accumulation of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. during salt stress growth conditions. Methods The effects of M30-35 on the growth of C. quinoa seedlings were tested under salt stress. Seedling growth parameters measured included chlorophyll content, root activity, levels of plant- phosphorus (P), and saponin content. Results M30-35 increased biomass production and root activity compared to non-inoculated plants fertilized with rhizobia and plants grown under severe salt stress conditions. The photosynthetic pigment content of chlorophyll a and b were higher in M30-35-inoculated C. quinoa seedlings under high salt stress conditions compared to non-inoculated seedlings. The stability of P content was also maintained. The content of saponin, an important secondary metabolite in C. quinoa, was increased by the inoculation of M30-35 under 300 mM NaCl conditions. Conclusion Inoculation of M30-35 rescues the growth diminution of C. quinoa seedlings under salt stress.
Apocynum venetum L. (Apocynaceae) is valuable for its medicinal compounds and fiber content. Native A. venetum populations are threatened and require protection. Wild A. venetum resources are limited relative to market demand and a poor understanding of the composition of A. venetum at the molecular level. The chloroplast genome contains genetic markers for phylogenetic analysis, genetic diversity evaluation, and molecular identification. In this study, the entire genome of the A. venetum chloroplast was sequenced and analyzed. The A. venetum cp genome is 150,878 bp, with a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRA and IRB). Each inverted repeat region is 25,810 bp, which consist of large (LSC, 81,951 bp) and small (SSC, 17,307 bp) single copy areas. The genome-wide GC content was 38.35%, LSC made up 36.49%, SSC made up 32.41%, and IR made up 43.3%. The A. venetum chloroplast genome encodes 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and 37 transfer RNA genes. This study identified the unique characteristics of the A. venetum chloroplast genome, which will help formulate effective conservation and management strategies as well as molecular identification approaches for this important medicinal plant.
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