We describe an inkjet printing assisted cooperative-assembly method for high-throughput generation of catalyst libraries (multicomponent mesoporous metal oxides) at a rate of 1,000,000-formulations/hour with up to eight-component compositions. The compositions and mesostructures of the libraries can be well-controlled and continuously varied. Fast identification of an inexpensive and efficient quaternary catalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is achieved via a multidimensional group testing strategy to reduce the number of performance validation experiments (25,000-fold reduction over an exhaustive one-by-one search).

ZSM‐5 zeolite crystals with controllable b‐axis length (sheet‐like, S‐ZSM‐5; chain‐like, C‐ZSM‐5) have been synthesized by using urea and starch as additives in the starting aluminosilicate gels. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that these zeolite samples have good crystallinity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that there is a strong chemical interaction between the stacked crystals in C‐ZSM‐5 samples. N2 sorption isotherms indicate that C‐ZSM‐5 crystals are mesoporous. Catalytic tests for the formation of p‐xylene from m‐xylene isomerization show that, compared with other zeolite catalysts, C‐ZSM‐5 catalysts give both high conversion and improved p‐xylene selectivity, which are attributed to the combination of relatively long b‐axis length and the present mesoporosity in the crystals. The improvement of p‐xylene selectivity in catalytic m‐xylene isomerisation is of great importance for selective industrial production of p‐xylene in the future.

Clarifying mechanisms underlying the ecological succession of gut microbiota is a central theme of gut ecology. Under experimental manipulations of zebrafish hatching and rearing environments, we test our core hypothesis that the host development will overwhelm environmental dispersal in governing fish gut microbial community succession due to host genetics, immunology, and gut nutrient niches. We find that zebrafish developmental stage substantially explains the gut microbial community succession, whereas the environmental effects do not significantly affect the gut microbiota succession from larvae to adult fish. The gut microbiotas of zebrafish are clearly separated according to fish developmental stages, and the degree of homogeneous selection governing gut microbiota succession is increasing with host development. This study advances our mechanistic understanding of the gut microbiota assembly and succession by integrating the host and environmental effects, which also provides new insights into the gut ecology of other aquatic animals.

Catalytic oxidation of glycerol with molecular oxygen to glyceric acid was performed in a base-free aqueous solution over Pt/MWNTs and Pt/AC catalysts. Pt/MWNTs was more active for the easier accessibility of Pt on the external wall of MWNTs, and the initial TOF reached 10.63 mmol min -1 /mmol-Pt. The easier accessibility of glycerol to Pt particles on MWNTs was confirmed by Raman.

The implications of the use of surfactant TPGS-750-M in water as a micellar reaction medium on the concomitant aqueous waste streams and their sustainable disposal have been studied. Biodegradability, log P ow, solubility, and German water hazard class of the surfactant have been determined and enabled establishment of a waste water concept, which builds on the lipophilicity and ester group lability of the molecule. The presented data and examples suggest preferred ways for designing surfactant processes and their aqueous waste streams in a sustainable manner.

Mangrove roots harbor a repertoire of microbial taxa that contribute to important ecological functions in mangrove ecosystems. However, the diversity, function, and assembly of mangrove root-associated microbial communities along a continuous fine-scale niche remain elusive. Here, we applied amplicon and metagenome sequencing to investigate the bacterial and fungal communities among four compartments (nonrhizosphere, rhizosphere, episphere, and endosphere) of mangrove roots. We found different distribution patterns for both bacterial and fungal communities in all four root compartments, which could be largely due to niche differentiation along the root compartments and exudation effects of mangrove roots. The functional pattern for bacterial and fungal communities was also divergent within the compartments. The endosphere harbored more genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid transport, and methane production, and fewer genes were found to be involved in sulfur reduction compared to other compartments. The dynamics of root-associated microbial communities revealed that 56–74% of endosphere bacterial taxa were derived from nonrhizosphere, whereas no fungal OTUs of nonrhizosphere were detected in the endosphere. This indicates that roots may play a more strictly selective role in the assembly of the fungal community compared to the endosphere bacterial community, which is consistent with the projections established in an amplification-selection model. This study reveals the divergence in the diversity and function of root-associated microbial communities along a continuous fine-scale niche, thereby highlighting a strictly selective role of soil-root interfaces in shaping the fungal community structure in the mangrove root systems.

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