It
has been reported that the biological functions of enzymes could
be altered when they are encapsulated in metal–organic frameworks
(MOFs) due to the interactions between them. Herein, we probed the
interactions of catalase in solid and hollow ZIF-8 microcrystals.
The solid sample with confined catalase is prepared through a reported
method, and the hollow sample is generated by hollowing the MOF crystals,
sealing freestanding enzymes in the central cavities of hollow ZIF-8.
During the hollowing process, the samples were monitored by small-angle
X-ray scattering (SAXS) spectroscopy, electron microscopy, powder
X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and nitrogen sorption. The interfacial interactions
of the two samples were studied by infrared (IR) and fluorescence
spectroscopy. IR study shows that freestanding catalase has less chemical
interaction with ZIF-8 than confined catalase, and a fluorescence
study indicates that the freestanding catalase has lower structural
confinement. We have then carried out the hydrogen peroxide degradation
activities of catalase at different stages and revealed that the freestanding
catalase in hollow ZIF-8 has higher activity.
An oxidative linker cleaving (OLC) process was developed
for surgical
manipulation of the engraving process within single crystalline MOFs
particles. The strategy relies on selective degradation of 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic
acid linker into small molecular fragments by oxidative ring-opening
reactions, resulting in controllable scissoring of framework. By regulation
of the generation and diffusion of oxidative species, the core MOFs
will undergo divergent etching routes, producing a series of single
crystalline hollow and yolk–shell MOF structures. In addition,
the OLC process can be initiated and localized around the pre-embedded
Pd NPs through on-site catalytic generation of oxidative species,
leading to solitary confinement of multiple NPs within one single
crystalline MOF particle, namely, a multi-yolk–shell structure.
This unique architecture can effectively protect NPs from agglomeration
while realizing size selective catalysis at the same time.
A one-pot transition metal-free method for synthesizing benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]quinazoline and imidazo[1,2-a]quinazoline derivatives has been developed. The approach is widely applicable to 2-fluoro-, 2-chloro-, 2-bromo- and 2-nitro-substituted aryl aldehyde and ketone substrates. The fluorescence properties of target compounds were studied.
Applying
metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) on the surface
of other materials to form multifunctional materials has recently
attracted great attention; however, directing the MOF overgrowth is
challenging due to the orders of magnitude differences in structural
dimensions. In this work, we developed a universal strategy to mediate
MOF growth on the surface of metal nanoparticles (NPs), by taking
advantage of the dynamic nature of weakly adsorbed capping agents.
During this colloidal process, the capping agents gradually dissociate
from the metal surface, replaced in situ by the MOF.
The MOF grows to generate a well-defined NP-MOF interface without
a trapped capping agent, resulting in a uniform core–shell
structure of one NP encapsulated in one single-crystalline MOF nanocrystal
with specific facet alignment. The concept was demonstrated by coating
ZIF-8 and UiO-66-type MOFs on shaped metal NPs capped by cetyltrimethylammonium
surfactants, and the formation of the well-defined NP-MOF interface
was monitored by spectroscopies. The defined interface outperforms
ill-defined ones generated via conventional methods, displaying a
high selectivity to unsaturated alcohols for the hydrogenation of
an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde. This strategy opens a new
route to create aligned interfaces between materials with vastly different
structural dimensions.
Metal–organic
frameworks (MOFs) is a promising class of
sorbent materials for swing adsorption gas separation. However, although
sorption kinetics plays a major role in column breakthrough experiments,
it is rarely studied with MOF materials. This is largely because the
synthesis of uniform yet separation-relevant MOFs is a challenging
task. Here, we report a dual-modulation approach for the synthesis
of well-defined Mg-MOF-74 hexagonal rods with an extremely uniform
size distribution (polydispersity index = 1.02). Through epitaxial
growth and wet chemical etching, uniform hollow Ni-MOF-74 with plate-shaped
caps were obtained. CO2 adsorption kinetic study shows
that hollow Ni-MOF-74 exhibits 54% faster diffusion rate compared
to solid Ni-MOF-74 due to a shortened diffusion length, despite their
identical CO2 uptake capacity. This has led to a 21% extension
of column breakthrough time during CO2/N2 separation
under identical conditions.
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