Roots are important plant organs for the uptake of water and nutrient elements. Plant root development is finely regulated by endogenous signals and environmental cues, which shapes the root system architecture to optimize the plant growth and adapt to the rhizospheric environments. Carotenoids are precursors of plant hormones strigolactones (SLs) and ABA, as well as multiple bioactive molecules. Numerous studies have demonstrated SLs and ABA as essential regulators of plant root growth and development. In addition, a lot carotenoid-derived bioactive metabolites are recently identified as plant root growth regulators, such as anchorene, β-cyclocitral, retinal and zaxinone. However, our knowledge on how these metabolites affect the root architecture to cope with various stressors and how they interact with each other during these processes is still quite limited. In the present review, we will briefly introduce the biosynthesis of carotenoid-derived root regulators and elaborate their biological functions on root development and architecture, focusing on their contribution to the rhizospheric environmental adaption of plants.
The dicumyl hydroperoxide
(DCP) process, based on the condensation of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP)
and cumyl alcohol (CA) with DCP, is currently used worldwide for DCP
synthesis, which produces large amounts of sulfur-containing wastewater,
which is a serious contaminant. In this paper, a new catalytic system
(ionic liquid + Na2CO3) for the catalytic oxidation
of cumene is proposed. By changing different reaction conditions,
cumene is oxidized to a mixture of CHP/CA ≈ 1:1, and the mixture
directly produces DCP by condensation. Compared with the traditional
DCP process, the step of CHP reduction is eliminated, which can reduce
pollution and have great industrial value. The results showed that
when [Bmim]OH + Na2CO3 was used as the catalytic
system, the optimum reaction conditions were 90 °C, 14 h, 15
g of cumene, 80 mg of [Bmim]OH, 20 mg of Na2CO3, and 120 mL/min of air flow. The selectivity of CHP and CA under
these conditions were 45.77 and 43.21%, respectively.
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