The temperature of the surface soil layer around different orientation walls was investigated horizontally along several construction-soil micro-gradients in Beijing, China. On a diurnal scale, similar fluctuating trends in T0 and T50 (temperature of surface soil layer, 0 and 0.5 m from the building baseline) adjacent to the external walls of buildings with the same orientation usually appeared under similar micrometeorological conditions. The difference between T0 and T50 (ΔT0–50) can be considered an indicator of the intensity of the horizontal heat effects: higher ΔT0–50 values correspond to greater intensities. The values of ΔT0–50 for south-, north-, east- and west-facing sides of buildings were highest on sunny days in summer and exhibited values of 6.61 K, 1.64 K, 5.93 K and 2.76 K, respectively. The scope of horizontal heat impacts (Sh) changed on a diurnal scale between zero and the maximum, which fluctuated with the micrometeorological conditions. The maximum values of Sh were 0.30, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.20 m for south-, north-, east-, and west-facing walls. The ΔT0–50 was related to solar radiation, horizontal heat flux, relative humidity, wind speed, soil moisture differences and air temperature; the relative importance of these factors was 36.22%, 31.80%, 19.19%, 2.67%, 3.68% and 6.44%, respectively.
Our purely neural network-based system represents a paradigm shift away from the techniques based on phrase-based statistical machine translation we have used in the past. The approach exploits the agreement between a pair of target-bidirectional LSTMs, in order to generate balanced targets with both good suffixes and good prefixes. The evaluation results show that the method is able to match and even surpass the current state-of-the-art on most language pairs, but also exposes weaknesses on some tasks motivating further study. The Janus toolkit that was used to build the systems used in the evaluation is publicly available at https://github.com/lemaoliu/Agtarbidir.
Mesozoic fossil locality in Linglongta village, Jianchang County, western Liaoning,has drawn extensive attention among paleontologists as producing hundreds of beautifully preserved feathered dinosaurs and mammals. The SIMS U-Pb zircon analyses of zircons derived from three tuff layers in Daxishan section in Linglongta yield (160.7±1.7), (159.5±2.3) and (158.9±1.7) Ma, indicating that they were formed at early Late Jurassic. Such a result is generally consistent with biostratigraphic evidence, providing a maximum known age for the first appearance of feathered dinosaurs.
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