Low-frequency Raman spectra of the porous structure formed on C+-implanted silicon were examined using the 514.5 and 488 nm lines of Ar+ laser. The sharp low-frequency Raman peaks were observed with narrow linewidth and large intensity. According to usual vibration theory of the elastic body and related symmetry analysis, they are identified as the localized acoustic phonon torsional modes resulting from the surface vibrations of quasifree Si nanocrystals with nonspherical shapes.
Transarterial embolization (TAE) constitutes the gold standard for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The effect of combination of TAE and peglated-H1/HGFK1 nanoparticles was explored on hepatocellular carcinoma. MTT and Annexin V-FITC were used to determine the cell viability and apoptosis of HepG2, ml-1, LO2, and VX2 cells after the treatment of HGFK1. Next, the orthotopic rabbit was selected to establish the in situ models of VX2 hepatocellular carcinoma. Nanoparticles were synthesized with peglated-PH1 and used to deliver HGFK1 overexpressing plasmids. MRI was performed to monitor tumor volume after being treated with TAE. The protein expression levels of CD31, CD90, and Ki67 were determined by immunohistochemistry. H&E and TUNEL staining were used to determine the necrosis and apoptosis in vivo. HGFK1 significantly inhibited the proliferation and increased the apoptosis of HepG2 and ml-1 cells (P < 0.05). MRI on 14 days after modeling suggested that the tumor showed ring enhancement. MRI on 7 days and 14 days after interventional therapy showed that tumor volume was significantly inhibited after the treatment with TAE and HGFK1 (P < 0.05). The immunohistochemical results 7 days after interventional therapy indicated that the expressions of CD31, CD90, and Ki67 were significantly lower after treatment with TAE and HGFK1 (P < 0.05). TAE and HGFK1 all extended the survival period of rabbits (P < 0.05). PH1/HGFK1 nanoparticle is an innovative and effective embolic agent, which could limit angiogenesis post-TAE treatment. The combination of TAE with PH1/HGFK1 is a promising strategy and might alter the way that surgeons manage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Two samples of nanocluster-assembled Ge - Al thin films on quartz substrates have been fabricated by co-evaporation and inert-gas condensation. The thin films are amorphous and single phase, and the mean diameters of the nanoclusters are and , respectively. The composition of the nanoclusters in the two films is about 98.7 at.% Ge and 1.3 at.% Al, and the ratio of Ge and oxygen atoms is 1:1.8 (O). From the absorption spectra of the two samples, we estimate the optical gaps to be about 2.8 eV and 1.6 eV from Tauc plots, respectively; these are dependent on the nanocluster sizes and are much larger than those of vacuum-evaporated amorphous Ge and amorphous Ge - Al thin films. Under 3.32 eV (374 nm) excitation, photoluminescence (PL) peaks at 2.80 and 3.00 eV appear for the thin film with the mean diameter of the nanoclusters ; these can be interpreted as manifesting electron transitions from the optical gap (2.8 eV) and mobility gap (3.0 eV). In the absorption spectra of the two samples, a shoulder peak appears at 5.06 eV (245 nm), corresponding to the absorption band of one of the germanium oxygen-deficient centres (GODCs), namely GODC-1. The PL peak at 3.10 eV (400 nm), which arises from GODC-1, is also observed for the two samples.
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