The utilization of Cu-based catalysts in CO 2 conversion into valuable chemicals is of significant interest due to their potential in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. However, the controllable design of Cu-based catalysts and the regulation of their mechanism remain challenging. In this study, a series of efficient Cu/L catalysts were prepared for this process, and the intrinsic influencing factors on the reaction routes were systematically revealed. Various techniques revealed that Cu particles in Lsupported catalysts exhibited higher dispersion and formed Cu− O(OH)−K interfacial sites. However, with increasing Cu loading, the dispersion of Cu particles and the percentage of Cu−O(OH)− K interfaces decreased. Kinetic investigations revealed that the adsorption configuration and electronic structure of Cu species codetermined the reaction pathways and resulting selectivity. Cu/L catalysts possessing Cu−O(OH)−K interfaces and small particles demonstrated the preferential formation of formate species, promoting methanol formation. However, larger Cu particles generated carboxylate intermediates, resulting in higher CO selectivity..
Background
The study was proposed to determine whether the nerve growth factor (NGF) combined with an internal limiting membrane (ILM) insertion technique was effective in the large idiopathic full-thickness macular hole (iFTMH) surgery.
Methods
A subset of 18 eyes (July 2015-October 2017) diagnosed as a large iFTMH were enrolled in this study. The subjects were treated using ILM insertion technique alone (ILM group) or ILM combined with NGF injection (NGF group) and the follow-up period was 6 months. Macular hole closure rates, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, improvements using ETDRS), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings were analyzed at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively.
Results
We found that macular hole in both groups are fully closed. In comparison to ILM insertion group, the NGF group had better BCVA at the 3-month (48.00 ± 2.392 vs 58.22 ± 2.957, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.159 to 18.29). The mean external limiting membrane (ELM, 422.2 ± 96 vs 674.9 ± 103.6, 95% CI: -47.26 to 552.8) and ellipsoid zone (EZ, 496.7 ± 101.6 vs 766.7 ± 111.8, 95% CI: -50.29 to 590.4) defects were significantly smaller in the NGF group at the 6-month follow-up examination. Complete recovery of ELM and EZ was observed in the NGF group in one eye of a patient and two eyes of two patients, respectively. In comparison to that, one eye’s ELM and another eye’s EZ was completely recovered in the ILM insertion group.
Conclusion
Our results indicated that ILM insertion with NGF injection might be an effective technique for the initial surgical treatment of eyes with large MHs. The proposed approach yielded better recovery of the photoreceptor layers and consequently superior postoperative visual acuity.
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