Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is a pro‐resolving lipid mediator of inflammation, endogenously synthesized from omega‐3 docosahexaenoic acid. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of RvD1 on bone regeneration using a rat calvarial defect model. Collagen 3D nanopore scaffold (COL) and Pluronic F127 hydrogel (F127) incorporated with RvD1 (RvD1‐COL‐F127 group) or COL and F127 (COL‐F127 group) were implanted in symmetrical calvarial defects. After implantation, RvD1 was administrated subcutaneously every 7 days for 4 weeks. The rats were sacrificed at weeks 1 and 8 post‐implantation. Tissue samples were analyzed by real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and histology at week 1. Radiographical and histological analyses were done at week 8. At week 1, calvarial defects treated with RvD1 exhibited decreased numbers of inflammatory cells and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive cells, greater numbers of newly formed blood vessels, upregulated gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and alkaline phosphatase, and downregulated gene expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand, interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α. At week 8, the radiographical results showed that osteoid area fraction of the RvD1‐COL‐F127 group was higher than that of the COL‐F127 group, and histological examination exhibited enhanced osteoid formation and newly formed blood vessels in the RvD1‐COL‐F127 group. In conclusion, this study showed that RvD1 enhanced bone formation and vascularization in rat calvarial defects.
The primary goal of bone tissue engineering is to fabricate scaffolds that can provide a microenvironment similar to that of natural bone. Therefore, various scaffolds have been designed to replicate the bone structure. Although most tissues exhibit complicated structures, their basic structural unit includes stiff platelets arranged in a staggered micro-array. Therefore, many researchers have designed scaffolds with staggered patterns. However, relatively few studies have comprehensively analyzed this type of scaffold. In this review, we have analyzed scientific research pertaining to staggered scaffold designs and summarized their effects on the physical and biological properties of scaffolds. Compression tests or finite element analysis are typically used to evaluate the mechanical properties of scaffolds, and most studies have performed experiments in cell cultures. Staggered scaffolds improve mechanical strength and are beneficial for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation in comparison with conventional designs. However, very few have been studied in vivo experiments. Additionally, studies on the effect of staggered structures on angiogenesis or bone regeneration in vivo, particularly in large animals, are required. Currently, with the prevalence of artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies, highly optimized models can be developed, resulting in better discoveries. In the future, AI can be used to deepen our understanding on the staggered structure, promoting its use in clinical applications.
Purpose The relationship between ankyloglossia and speech is controversial. Our objective in the present study was to determine the most appropriate intervention and optimal timing for infants with speech articulation caused by ankyloglossia. Patients and Methods A total of 341 pediatric patients (aged 2 to 5 years) being referred for speech concerns due to ankyloglossia were enrolled in a randomized trial and assigned to either a surgical intervention (N = 166) or a no surgical intervention (N = 175) group. Subsequently, patients were further categorized into 3 groups according to age: 2 to < 3 years, 3 to < 4 years, and 4 to < 5 years. Measures of tongue appearance, tongue mobility, speech production, and parent and clinician intelligibility ratings were collected at preintervention (T0), 2-month postintervention (T1), 6-month postintervention (T2), and 12-month postintervention (T3). Results No statistically significant difference was found between surgical intervention and no surgical intervention groups for tongue appearance, tongue mobility, speech production, and intelligibility in the 2 to < 3 years age. However, there was significantly improved speech production and intelligibility in the surgical intervention group when compared to the no surgical intervention group in the 3 to < 4 and 4 to < 5 years old age. Conclusion Surgical intervention should not be performed too early for infants aged 2 to < 3 years with speech articulation caused by ankyloglossia, but rather watch and wait for the physiological growth of the lingual frenulum. The optimal timing range for surgical intervention is 4 to 5 years. This should provide certain significant guidance for infants with speech articulation caused by ankyloglossia.
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