Polymerized-dioxolane(P-DOL) is of potential as as olid-polymer-electrolyte(SPE) due to its high Li + -conductivity,g ood compatibility with Li-metal and desired preparation method of in situ polymerization in cells.I nt his study, SnF 2 was demonstrated not only to be an efficient catalyst for the polymerization of DOL at room temperature,b ut also an effective additive for improvingi nterfacial wettability and suppressing dendrite through the reaction with Li-metal and the formation of LiF/Li x Sn based composite solid electrolyte interlayer(SEI). Using the SnF 2 polymerizedP-DOL containing 1M LiTFSI as SPE(P-DOL-SPE), obviously denser Lideposition was obtained, and the all-solid-state(ASS) Li/ LiFePO 4 cell delivered stable cycling over 350 cycles at 45 8 8C. At the same time,t he irreversible decomposition of P-DOL-SPE into formaldehyde and small molecule epoxides are observed at 110 8 8C, whichiseven initiated at lower temperature of 40 8 8Cu nder vacuum. This thermal decomposition of P-DOL-SPE in pouchc ell causes huge volume swell, and therefore putting as trict limitation on the operating temperature window for the P-DOL based electrolytes.
Despite of the good stability with Li‐metal, Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12(LLZTO) suffers from large interfacial resistance and severe Li‐metal penetration. Herein, a dual layer ceramic electrolyte of Ti‐doped LLZTO(Ti‐LLZTO)/LLZTO was developed, with the reducible Ti‐LLZTO layer contacting Li‐metal and the LLZTO layer contacting cathode. The identical crystal structures of Ti‐LLZTO and LLZTO enables a seamless contact and a barrierless Li+ transport between them. The densities of Ti‐LLZTO pellets are higher than that of LLZTO. With an in situ reduction of Ti‐LLZTO by Li‐metal, the interfacial wettability was improved and a mixed ion‐electron conducting layer was created. Both features help to reduce defects/pores on interface and homogenize the interfacial ionic/electronic flux, facilitating the reduction of interfacial resistance and suppression of dendrites. With the help of Ti‐LLZTO layer, long‐term stable lithium plating/stripping was reached in an areal capacity of 3.0 mAh cm−2.
The relatively narrowe lectrochemical steady windowa nd low ionic conductivity are two critical challenges for Li + -conducting solid polymer electrolytes (SPE). Here,afamily of poly-oxalate(POE) structures were prepared as SPE; among them, POEs composed from diols with an odd number of carbons show higher ionic conductivity than those composed from diols with an even number of carbons,a nd the POE composed from propanediol (C5-POE) has the highest Li + conductivity.T he HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) electrons of POE were found located on the terminal units.W hen using trifluoroacetate as the terminating unit (POE-F), not only does the HOMO become more negative, but also the HOMO electrons shift to the middle oxalate units, improving the antioxidative capability.F urthermore,t he interfacial compatibility across the Li-metal/POE-F is also improved by the generation of aL iF-based solid-electrolyteinterlayer(SEI). With the trifluoroacetate-terminated C5-POE (C5-POE-F) as the electrolyte and Li + -conducting binder in the cathode,t he all-solid-state Li/LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 -(NMC811) cells showed significantly improved stability than the counterpart with poly-ether,p roviding ap romising candidate for the forthcoming all-solid-state high-voltage Li-metal batteries.
Scope: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a bioactive substance predominantly found in ruminant products, improves insulin resistance and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. The chief objective of the study is to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of CLA on high fructose-induced hyperuricemia and renal inflammation. Methods and results: Hyperuricemia and renal inflammation are induced in rats by 10% fructose. Hyperuricemia, insulin resistance, and renal inflammation are evaluated. CLA potently ameliorates fructose-induced hyperuricemia with insulin resistance and significantly reduces the levels of inflammation factors in serum and kidney. It reverses fructose-induced upregulation of glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) and urate transporter 1 (URAT1) in the kidney. Moreover, CLA dramatically inhibits the activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Additionally, CLA suppresses toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling activation to inhibit nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) signaling in the kidney of fructose-fed rats. Conclusion: CLA ameliorates hyperuricemia along with insulin resistance and renal inflammatory, which may be associated with the suppression of renal GLUT9 and URAT1 in fructose-fed rats. Its molecular mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway. Therefore, CLA may be a promising candidate for preventing fructose-induced hyperuricemia and renal inflammation.
A GtfB enzyme 4,6-α-glucanotransferase from Streptococcus thermophilus lacking 761 N-terminal amino acids was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Purified S. thermophilus GtfB showed transglycosylation activities toward starch, resulting in branch points of (α1→6)-glycosidic linkages plus linear chains of (α1→4)-glycosidic linkages. After wheat starch was modified at a rate of 0.1 g/mL by 1-4 U/g starch GtfB at pH 6.0 and 40 °C for 1 h, the weight-averaged molecular weight decreased from 1.70 × 10 g/mol to 1.21 × 10 to 3.41 × 10 g/mol, the amylose content decreased from 22.07 to 16.34-17.11%, and that of amylopectin long-branch chains decreased from 26.4 to 10.25-15.64% ( P < 0.05). After the GtfB-modified wheat starches were gelatinized and stored at 4 °C for 1-2 weeks, their endothermic enthalpies were significantly lower than that of the control sample ( P < 0.05), indicating low retrogradation rates.
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