ObjectiveTo construct a life-sized eye model using the three-dimensional (3D) printing technology for fundus viewing study of the viewing system.MethodsWe devised our schematic model eye based on Navarro's eye and redesigned some parameters because of the change of the corneal material and the implantation of intraocular lenses (IOLs). Optical performance of our schematic model eye was compared with Navarro's schematic eye and other two reported physical model eyes using the ZEMAX optical design software. With computer aided design (CAD) software, we designed the 3D digital model of the main structure of the physical model eye, which was used for three-dimensional (3D) printing. Together with the main printed structure, polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) aspherical cornea, variable iris, and IOLs were assembled to a physical eye model. Angle scale bars were glued from posterior to periphery of the retina. Then we fabricated other three physical models with different states of ammetropia. Optical parameters of these physical eye models were measured to verify the 3D printing accuracy.ResultsIn on-axis calculations, our schematic model eye possessed similar size of spot diagram compared with Navarro's and Bakaraju's model eye, much smaller than Arianpour's model eye. Moreover, the spherical aberration of our schematic eye was much less than other three model eyes. While in off- axis simulation, it possessed a bit higher coma and similar astigmatism, field curvature and distortion. The MTF curves showed that all the model eyes diminished in resolution with increasing field of view, and the diminished tendency of resolution of our physical eye model was similar to the Navarro's eye. The measured parameters of our eye models with different status of ametropia were in line with the theoretical value.ConclusionsThe schematic eye model we designed can well simulate the optical performance of the human eye, and the fabricated physical one can be used as a tool in fundus range viewing research.
Our results provide preliminary evidence that stromal myoepithelium may be the primary source of MMPs and that the stroma has the potential to play a more important role than ductal epithelium in biological behaviour of pleomorphic adenomas. These findings seem worthy of further investigation.
The effect of Doppler broadening on the gain spectrum is theoretically investigated in a hot N-type active Raman gain atomic system. It is found that the gain peak in the spectrum can be extremely narrowed and amplified by two orders at room temperature as compared with that in the cold atomic system. This remarkable result originates from the shift of the dressed levels and the modification to the transition probability between dressed states when the Doppler effect is considered in the hot atomic system. The enhanced subluminal and superluminal pulse propagation for the probe field in the hot atomic system has also been obtained by numerical simulation; the probe pulse undergoes no absorption and little pulse distortion.
The present study aimed to select anti‐tumor‐associated antigen (
TAA
) autoantibodies as biomarkers in the immunodiagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma (
GAC
) by the recursive partitioning approach (
RPA
) and further construct and evaluate a predictive model. A case‐control study was designed including 407
GAC
patients as the case group and 407 normal controls. In addition, 67 serial serum samples from 25
GAC
patients were collected at different time points before and after gastrectomy treatment. Autoantibodies against 14
TAA
were measured in sera from all subjects by enzyme immunoassay. Finally,
RPA
resulted in the selection of nine‐panel
TAA
(c‐Myc, p16,
HSPD
1,
PTEN
, p53,
NPM
1,
ENO
1, p62,
HCC
1.4) from all detected
TAA
in the case‐control study; the classification tree based on this nine‐
TAA
panel had area under curve (
AUC
) of 0.857, sensitivity of 71.5% and specificity of 71.3%; The optimal panel also can identify
GAC
patients at an early stage from normal individuals, with
AUC
of 0.737, sensitivity of 64.9% and specificity of 70.5%. However, frequencies of the nine autoantibodies showed no correlation with
GAC
stage, tumor size, lymphatic metastasis or differentiation.
GAC
patients positive for more than two autoantibodies in the nine‐
TAA
panel had a worse prognosis than that of the
GAC
patients positive for no or one antibody. Titers of 10 autoantibodies in serial serum samples were significantly higher in
GAC
patients after surgical resection than before. In conclusion, this study showed that the panel of nine multiple
TAAs
could enhance the detection of anti‐
TAA
antibodies in
GAC
, and may be potential prognostic biomarkers in
GAC
.
Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma (PHL), a malignant mesenchymal tumor of myogenic origin, is exceedingly rare. Patients may be afflicted with a wide spectrum of nonspecific symptoms, and most of the laboratory data are unhelpful to diagnosis. Here, we report a 44-year-old woman with anorexia and right upper quadrant pain who was diagnosed as having malignant hepatic tumor within the Milan criteria and treated by orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), the pathologic diagnosis of PHL was made by postoperative immunohistochemical study. She underwent six courses of intravenous chemotherapy and enjoyed a 14-month tumor recurrence-free survival until the lymph node metastasis was detected, then we switched the tacrolimus to sirolimus and the patient survived for 20 months additionally. Unfortunately, she finally died of extensively lymphatic metastasis and cachexia. The diagnostic and therapeutic features of PHL are also discussed by reviewing the literatures. To our knowledge, this is the second report of administering OLT to PHL patients.
A high efficiency grating coupler between single-mode fiber and silicon-on-insulator waveguide is designed by a formula method. Over 78.5% coupling efficiency (>−1.05 dB) with 3 dB bandwidth about 50 nm for one grating coupler is obtained experimentally and this result is the highest one as far as we know. This grating coupler is CMOS compatible which needs only one etch-step and is designed for a standard SOI chip without any Bragg reflector or bottom reflector.
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