Zwitterionic materials have received great attention because of the non-fouling property. As a result of the electric neutrality of zwitterionic polymers, their layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly is generally conducted under specific conditions, such as very low pH values or ionic strength. The formed multilayers are unstable at high pH or in a high ionic strength environment. Therefore, the formation of highly stable multilayers of zwitterionic polymers via the LBL assembly process is still challenging. Here, we report the LBL assembly of poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) with a polyphenol, tannic acid (TA), for protein-resistant surfaces. The assembly process was monitored by a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE), which confirms the formation of thin multilayer films. We found that the (TA/PSBMA)n multilayers are stable over a wide pH range of 4-10 and in saline, such as 1 M NaCl or urea solution. The surface morphology and chemical composition were characterized by specular reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR/SR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Furthermore, (TA/PSBMA)n multilayers show high hydrophilicity, with a water contact angle lower than 15°. A QCM was used to record the dynamic protein adsorption process. Adsorption amounts of bovine serum albumin (BSA), lysozyme (Lys), and hemoglobin (Hgb) on (TA/PSBMA)20 multilayers decreased to 0.42, 52.9, and 37.9 ng/cm(2) from 328, 357, and 509 ng/cm(2) on a bare gold chip surface, respectively. In addition, the protein-resistance property depends upon the outmost layer. This work provides new insights into the LBL assembly of zwitterionic polymers.
Swelling has great influences on the structure stability and separation performance of graphene oxide laminate membranes (GOLMs) for water desalination and purification. Herein, we report cross-linked GOLMs from GO assembled with cationic tetrakis(1-methyl-pyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin (TMPyP) by a vacuum-assisted strategy. The concave nonoxide regions (G regions) of GO are used as cross-linking sites for the first time to precisely control the channel size for water permeation and salt ion retention. Channels around 1 nm are constructed by modulating the assembly ratio of TMPyP/GO, and these cross-linked GOLMs show high salt rejection.
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. The aim of this study is to identify lncRNA signature that can predict breast cancer patient survival. RNA expression data from 1064 patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. Cox regression, Kaplan–Meier, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to construct a model for predicting the overall survival (OS) of patients and evaluate it. A model consisting of three lncRNA genes (CAT104, LINC01234, and STXBP5-AS1) was identified. The Kaplan–Meier analysis and ROC curves proved that the model could predict the prognostic survival with good sensitivity and specificity in both the validation set (AUC = 0.752, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.651–0.854) and the microarray dataset (AUC = 0.714, 95%CI: 0.615–0.814). Further study showed the three-lncRNA signature was not only pervasive in different breast cancer stages, subtypes and age groups, but also provides more accurate prognostic information than some widely known biomarkers. The results suggested that RNA-seq transcriptome profiling provides that the three-lncRNA signature is an independent prognostic biomarker, and have clinical significance. In addition, lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA interaction network indicated lncRNAs may intervene in breast cancer pathogenesis by binding to miR-190b, acting as competing endogenous RNAs.
The cover picture shows an unusually wide (16 Å) channel in a stable nanoporous coordination framework, which is also novel in being based on bridging phosphane ligands. A space‐filling representation of a segment of the structure is shown at the center of the picture. The as‐synthesized material contains disordered ethanol guests, which can be exchanged for other solvents, and subsequently the material was obtained virtually guest‐free, without structural collapse. The unconventional use of a phosphane enabled information to be gained on this framework's solution‐based precursors (by 31P NMR spectroscopy) which appear to be discrete coordination cages. Further details are reported by S. L. James and co‐workers on p. 764 ff.
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