In this paper, in order to evaluate the traffic safety status of ordinary arterial highways, identify the sources of safety risks, and formulate safety development countermeasures for arterial highways to reduce accident risks, a combination method involving rank-sum ratio (RSR), criteria importance though intercriteria correlation (CRITIC), and least squares support vector machine (LVSSM) is adopted. The traffic safety risk index system and risk assessment model of ordinary arterial highways with two dimensions of risk severity and accident severity are established. Based on the global sensitivity analysis of the extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (EFAST), the resulting risk assessment model for ordinary arterial highways is proposed. Combined with the current traffic safety situation of ordinary arterial highways in Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, China, data collection and analyses were carried out from the perspectives of traffic operation status, personnel facilities management, road environment characteristics, and accident occurrence patterns. The results show that the risk level of ordinary arterial highways can be obviously divided into warning areas, control areas, and prompt areas. The proportion of roads through villages and the number of deceleration facilities belong to the highly sensitive indicators of the S107 safety risk, which need to be emphatically investigated. This analysis method based is on the RCLE (RSR-CRITIC-LVSSM-EFAST) risk assessment model and has high operability and adaptability. It can be adaptively divided according to the requirements of risk-level differentiation, and the road risk classification can be displayed more intuitively, which is conducive to formulating targeted improvement measures for arterial highway safety and ensuring the safe and orderly operation of arterial highway traffic.
The conflict between the mainline and incoming traffic flow in the merging area of an urban expressway makes it easier to form a traffic bottleneck than the basic road section. When the merging bottleneck occurs, the overall efficiency is affected. This paper establishes an improved Cell Transmission Model (CTM) using Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) for parameter calibration and validation. Based on the joint optimization goal of efficiency and safety, a collaborative control strategy is established. The strategy is verified by VISSIM. The results show that the total travel time is reduced by 7.34%, and the total turnover is increased by 6.06% by applying the collaborative control strategy during the peak period. Therefore, the cooperative control strategy of the merging bottleneck proposed can improve the traffic state at the merging bottleneck and improve the efficiency and safety level of the expressway.
In recent years, intercity carpooling has been vigorously developed in China. Considering the differences between intercity carpooling and intracity carpooling, this paper first defines the intercity carpooling path optimization problem with time window. Based on the balance of interests among passengers, platform, and government, a multi-objective function is constructed to minimize passenger cost, maximize platform revenue, and minimize carbon emission cost, with vehicle capacity, boarding and alighting points, vehicle service, and other constraints. Secondly, in order to further improve the coordination ability and search speed of the operator, this paper uses the particle swarm optimization algorithm to help the operator remember the previous search position and iterative information, and designs the PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) improved NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm) algorithm to solve the multi-objective model. Finally, the feasibility of the model is verified by numerical analysis of Xi'an–Xianyang intercity carpool. The results show that the path of vehicle 1 is 5-8-O-D-16-13, the path of vehicle 2 is 7-3-6-O-D-15-11-14, and the path of vehicle 3 is 2-1-4-O-D-12-10-9. Compared with NSGA-II algorithm, the PSO-NSGA-II algorithm designed in this paper has significant advantages in global search ability and convergence speed.
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