The transformation of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) from nanoplates to nanorods was realized by a simple reflux method. The photocatalytic activity and the intensity of the photocurrent response of g-C 3 N 4 nanorods under visible light were about 1.5 and 2.0 times those of g-C 3 N 4 nanoplates, respectively. The formation mechanism of g-C 3 N 4 from nanoplates to nanorods was demonstrated that g-C 3 N 4 nanoplates undergo a possible exfoliation and regrowth process and a rolling mechanism of lamellar structure, which is responsible for elimination of the surface defects in the reflux process. During the transformation of g-C 3 N 4 from nanoplates to nanorods, the enhancement of photocatalytic activity and photocurrent intensity in g-C 3 N 4 nanorods was mainly attributed to the increase of active lattice face and elimination of surface defects.

ZnO1-x/graphene hybrid photocatalyst was prepared via a facile in-situ reduction of graphene oxide and ZnO1-x surface defect oxide. The hybrid photocatlayst showed enhanced photocatalytic activity for the photodegradation of methylene blue. The photocorrosion of ZnO1-x was successfully inhibited by graphene hybridation. ZnO1-x/graphene hybrid photocatalyst with 1.2 wt % graphene showed the optimized photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO1-x/graphene-1.2 wt % under visible and UV light was about 4.6 and 1.2 times that of ZnO1-x sample, respectively. The photocurrent intensity of ZnO1-x under visible and UV light irradiation can be enhanced by 2 and 3.5 times by graphene hybridization. The enhancement of photocatalytic activity and photocurrent intensity in ZnO1-x/graphene was attributed to the synergistic effect between graphene and ZnO1-x for high separation efficiency of photoinduced electron-hole pairs mainly resulting from the promotion of HOMO orbit of graphene and the Oi″ defect level of ZnO1-x in ZnO1-x/graphene.

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A self-assembled perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide(PDINH) supramolecular system consisting of all-organic PDINH molecule building blocks through non-covalent interactions works as a visible light photocatalyst with high activity.

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ZnWO4/graphene hybride (GZW-X) photocatalysts were synthesized via a facile in situ reduction of graphene oxide and ZnWO4 in water. High efficiency for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under both UV light and visible light was obtained for the GZW-X photocatalysts. The photocatalytic efficiency of ZnWO4/graphene-0.2 wt % under visible-light and UV-light irradiation was ∼7.1 and 2.3 times that of pristine ZnWO4, respectively. The visible photocatalytic activity originated from the •OH and O2 •–, which were formed by photosensitization of graphene in ZnWO4/graphene. The enhancement of UV photocatalytic light activity in ZnWO4/graphene was attributed to the high separation efficiency of photoinduced electron–hole pairs resulting from the promotion of HOMO orbit of graphene in ZnWO4/graphene.

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