Antithrombotic activities, namely, in vitro platelet aggregation and in vivo pulmonary thrombosis, of the methanolic extract of aged vinegar were evaluated. The ability of the extract to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and thrombin was concentration-dependent. IC(50) values for the inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by ADP and thrombin were 1.7 +/- 0.3 and 8.9 +/- 1.9 mg/mL, respectively. When administered orally at >100 mg/kg of body weight, the extract protected the rats against thrombotic death induced by collagen and epinephrine. Furthermore, the low molecular weight fraction of the extract showed strong fibrinolytic activity and altered coagulation parameters such as activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and throbin time (TT) in rat platelet. These results suggested that the antithrombotic ability of the vinegar extract corresponded to both antiplatelet and anticoagulation activities.
Fresh jujube is prone to rapid deterioration after harvest due to its active metabolism and rich nutrients. This study aimed to investigate the effects of acidic electrolyzed water (AEW), a high-voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) and a combination of AEW and HVEF (AEW + HVEF) treatments on the storage quality of Huping jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Huping) stored at 0 ± 1 °C for 90 days. The results showed that the fruits treated with AEW + HVEF exhibited better storage quality than those treated with either AEW or HVEF alone. Specifically, the fruits treated with AEW + HVEF maintained higher levels of nutrients and taste compounds, including total soluble solid (TSS), total soluble sugar, reducing sugar and titratable acidity (TA), as well as lower respiration rate, weight loss, decay index and TSS/TA ratio. Additionally, the AEW + HVEF treatment could delay the increase in reddening index, a* and color change (ΔE) values, and the decrease in L* and b* values, by retarding the degradation of chlorophyll and accumulation of carotenoids and flavonoids, thereby preserving the more desirable appearance color. Furthermore, the combined treatment could enhance the glutathione reductase (GR) activity and 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothizoline)−6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) +-scavenging ability. Thus, the AEW + HVEF treatment is a potential method for Huping jujube preservation.
Highly acid-sensitive R-CDs were obtained via a microwave method. The relationship between the FL emission and the surface groups of the R-CDs was studied in detail. The R-CDs were used for cell imaging in extreme acidity and fabrication of red LEDs.
A common dye of prussian blue (PB) as an indicator was used to develop a colorimetric method for detecting the efficacy of the antibiotics in vitro. Considering the electronic production capacity of microbial respiration, ferricyanide was employed in transferring electrons from target microorganism of Escherichia coli (E. coli) to produce ferrocyanide. Subsequently, ferrocyanide reacted with ferric ions to form PB. In view of relationship between the PB yield and the bacterial activity, the efficacy of the antibiotics on E. coli was directly detected at 700 nm of PB absorption. When the 5% activity of antibiotics on 20 isolates of E. coli was quantified as 5% efficacy, the applied concentrations of eight antibiotics, such as cefepime, ceftriaxone sodium, cefoperazone sodium, piperacillin sodium, amoxicillin, gentamicin, amikacin and levofloxacin were 2, 2, 4, 4, 10, 4, 8 and 8 μg mL⁻¹, respectively. To compare with minimum inhibitory concentration results obtained by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth macrodilution method, the results of PB methods showed good agreements except with gentamicin. Paired t-test result (P) also showed that difference between two methods was statistically significant (P = 0.006).
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