We present a dual-mode imaging system operating on visible and long-wave infrared wavelengths for achieving the noncontact and nonobtrusive measurements of breathing rate and pattern, no matter whether the subjects use the nose and mouth simultaneously, alternately, or individually when they breathe. The improved classifiers in tandem with the biological characteristics outperformed the custom cascade classifiers using the Viola–Jones algorithm for the cross-spectrum detection of face and nose as well as mouth. In terms of breathing rate estimation, the results obtained by this system were verified to be consistent with those measured by reference method via the Bland–Altman plot with 95% limits of agreement from ? 2.998 to 2.391 and linear correlation analysis with a correlation coefficient of 0.971, indicating that this method was acceptable for the quantitative analysis of breathing. In addition, the breathing waveforms extracted by the dual-mode imaging system were basically the same as the corresponding standard breathing sequences. Since the validation experiments were conducted under challenging conditions, such as the significant positional and abrupt physiological variations, we stated that this dual-mode imaging system utilizing the respective advantages of RGB and thermal cameras was a promising breathing measurement tool for residential care and clinical applications.
The fluorescent probe for the detection of calcium ions is an indispensable tool in the biomedical field. The millimolar order of Ca(II) ions is associated with many physiological processes and diseases, such as hypercalcemia, soft tissue calcification, and bone microcracks. However, the conventional fluorescent probes are only suitable for imaging Ca(II) ions in the nanomolar to micromolar range, which can be because of their high affinities toward Ca(II) ions and aggregation-caused quenching drawbacks. To tackle this challenge, we herein develop an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe SA-4CONa for selective and light-up detection of Ca(II) ions in the millimolar range (0.6-3.0 mM), which can efficiently distinguish between hypercalcemic (1.4-3.0 mM) and normal (1.0-1.4 mM) Ca ion levels. The formation of fibrillar aggregates between SA-4CONa and Ca(II) ions was clearly verified by fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron analysis. Moreover, this AIE-active probe can be used for wash-free and light-up imaging of a high concentration of Ca(II) ions even in the solid analytes, including calcium deposits in psammomatous meningioma slice, microcracks on bovine bone surface, and microdefects on hydroxyapatite-based scaffold. It is thus expected that this AIE-active probe would have broad biomedical applications through light-up imaging and sensing of Ca(II) ions at the millimolar level.
optimization of replacement and spare ordering for critical rotary component based on condition signal to date. eksploatacja i niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 2017; 19 (1): 76-85, http://dx.doi.org/10.17531/ein.2017
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