The introduction and use of foreign germplasms have played an important role in the improvement of crop varieties in China. Based on published data and interviews of scientists, we collected data on the sown area, morphological characteristics, and pedigree of the popular rice varieties grown in the 16 major rice production provinces in China, from 1982 to 2011. Results showed that China's scientists developed the largest number of rice varieties worldwide, and that rice yield potential and grain quality have substantiality improved during the studied period. In contrast, newly-released varieties' resistance to diseases and insects has decreased since the 1990s. The germplasms from the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and from Japan have contributed 16.4 and 11.2% of genetic materials to China's rice production from 1982 to 2011, respectively. While IRRI's materials contributed to the improvement of yield potential, growth duration, and blast and bacterial blight resistance, Japan's materials contributed to the improvement of grain quality. Materials from other countries contributed to the improvement of resistance to diseases and insects, particularly to rice blast disease, brown plant hoppers, white-backed plant hoppers, and striped stem borers.
Aim: This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the achievement degree for engineering education certification, example as pharmaceutical separation engineering course. The calculating method of achievement degree about graduation requirement in engineering education certification in colleges and universities was introduced in this paper. Materials and Methods: A total 53 students were selected from the exam of pharmaceutical separation engineering course and the total score of the exam is 100. Among them, objective total score: 70, subjective total score: 30. The calculation of course achievement degree is realized by Excel tool. Results: In order to make the evaluation process of achievement degree more reasonable, not only the graduation requirements and course achievement degree were calculated with Excel and statistical analysis and graphical analysis on the calculation results of course achievement degree were made, but also the achievement of course objectives and existing problems were analyzed and evaluated. For the students who need to pay attention to, it is necessary to analyze whether there are any problems that deviate from the focus and other problems in course learning, so as to help them overcome the problems in the follow-up study. Conclusion: This method is really student-centered and provides necessary information for teachers to revise and improve the teaching of courses at any time.
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