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Solution approaches to NiOx films for electrochromic applications are problematic due to the need of an additional high-temperature annealing treatment step in inert gas. In this study, nanostructured NiOx powder with grain size of about 10.1 nm was synthesized for fabrication of NiOx films for electrochromic application. Non-toxic dispersants of isopropanol and deionized water were used and the whole process was carried out in air. The effects of the number of spin-coating layers, annealing temperature, and the volume ratios of isopropanol to deionized water were systematically investigated. Large transmittance change of 62.3% at 550 nm, high coloration efficiency (42.8 cm2/C), rapid switching time (coloring time is 4 s, bleaching time is 3 s), and good stability were achieved in the optimized NiOx film. The optimized process only required a low processing temperature of 150 °C in air with spin-coating three times and 1:2 volume ratio of isopropanol to deionized water. Finally, good cycle durability of up to 2000 cycles without obvious degradation was demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry tests in a LiClO4/propylene carbonate electrolyte. This study provides a simple and effective approach for fabrication of NiOx films at low temperature in air, which is attractive for further commercialization of electrochromic devices.

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In this work, isothermal gas−liquid equilibrium (GLE) data were measured for the mixture SO 2 + N 2 in the system of triethylene glycol (TEG) + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at T = (298.15, 303.15, and 308.15) K and p = 123.15 kPa. Henry's law constants (HLCs) were obtained by fitting the linear slope of the GLE data. The results indicated that the solubility of dilute SO 2 in the system of TEG + DMSO increased with the increasing DMSO concentrations, and HLCs decreased with the increasing temperatures. The regeneration experimental results showed that the absorption of SO 2 in the binary system was reversible, and the solvent could be reused without significant loss of absorption capacity. Additionally, FTIR, UV−vis, and 1 H NMR spectral results indicated that intermolecular hydrogen bonding association among TEG, DMSO, and SO 2 molecules was formed.