Lithium-sulfur batteries have a poor rate performance and low cycle stability due to the shuttling loss of intermediate lithium polysulfides. To address this issue, a carbon-sulfur nanocomposite coated with reduced graphene oxide was designed to confine the polysulfides.

The Bismuth oxyhalides, crystalline BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I) were prepared via a facile method, using NaBiO 3 25 and HX aqueous solutions as the raw materials for the first time. The systematic microstructure and opti-26 cal property characterizations of the BiOX photocatalysts demonstrated the reliability of this new and 27 facile preparation approach. The photocatalytic activity on the degradation of typical phenolic endocrine 28 disrupting chemicals over BiOX and P25 were evaluated under Xenon-light irradiation and the initial 29 photocatalytic mechanism was discussed based on the band edge potential analysis. 30 Ó 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. 31 65 4f 5/2 , Bi 4f 7/2 , respectively. The peaks were centered at 165.1 and 66 159.8 eV in the BiOX samples corresponding to the binding energy 67 of Bi 4f 5/2 and Bi 4f 7/2 , demonstrating that the main chemical states 68 of Bismuth element in the samples were tri-valence [8]. The results 69 from the XPS and XRD demonstrate that there were unreduced 70 Bi 2 O 5 (V) phases in the samples. 71 The sheet-morphology of BiOCl, BiOBr and BiOI samples was ob-72 served on Field Emission Gun-Scanning Electronic Microscope 73 (FEG-SEM). Meanwhile, the Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis 74 (EDX) results indicated that Bi, O and X element from the crystals 75 were in stoichiometric amount. The Bright-Field Transmittance 76 Electronic Microscopy (BF-TEM) images of BiOX series crystals 77 were recorded by using a small objective aperture that selected 78 only the (0 0 0) central transmitted beam, showing that the parti-79 cle sizes of BiOX were around 690 nm, 650 nm and 120 nm, respec-80 tively. Such results were in accordance with the FEG-SEM results. 81 The particles were found to have single crystalline feature of the 82 BiOX samples, shown by electron diffraction patterns and addition-83 ally proved by high-resolution lattice imaging of individual

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