The anti-reflection properties of hard material surfaces are of great significance in the fields of infrared imaging, optoelectronic devices, and aerospace. Femtosecond laser processing has drawn a lot of attentions in the field of optics as an innovative, efficient, and green micro-nano processing method. The anti-reflection surface prepared on hard materials by femtosecond laser processing technology has good anti-reflection properties under a broad spectrum with all angles, effectively suppresses reflection, and improves light transmittance/absorption. In this review, the recent advances on femtosecond laser processing of anti-reflection surfaces on hard materials are summarized. The principle of anti-reflection structure and the selection of anti-reflection materials in different applications are elaborated upon. Finally, the limitations and challenges of the current anti-reflection surface are discussed, and the future development trend of the anti-reflection surface are prospected.
Compared with conventional solid-state lasers, fiber lasers have the advantages of small size, simple cooling system, and good output beam quality, enabling them an extended service lifetime in industrialized environments. Periodically arranged photonic crystals have been the most important gain medium for high-power laser applications, which overcame the problems in fiber lasers such as small mode field, low degree of nonlinearity, and non-adjustable dispersion. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent advances of typical ion-doped photonic crystal fiber lasers doped, discuss the challenges, and provide an outlook on the future developments in ion-doped photonic crystal fiber lasers.
Femtosecond laser-induced nanogratings generation inside transparent materials has been the focus of research in the field of femtosecond laser precision processing. Due to the advantages of optical birefringence phenomenon, periodicity, thermal stability, controllability of delay value and optical axis direction, and re-writability, nanogratings are widely used in research fields such as optical storage and optical devices. This mini-review explores the existing mechanism of femtosecond laser-induced formation of nanogratings and the progress of inducing nanogratings in different types of glass and sapphire crystals. It also describes the prospects of nanogratings for a wide range of applications in optical components and optical devices.
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