Single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) phase transitions are direct structural evolutions of crystalline materials in the solid state without the damage of ordering in the crystal lattice. These multidimensional SCSC phase transition materials are responsive to multiple external stimuli (heat, light, mechanical force, electricity, etc.), and have therefore demonstrated promising applications in many fields such as sensors, actuators, artificial muscles, soft robotics, and energy harvesting. The directionality and cooperativity of intermolecular interactions in crystal structures together with a sustained and long‐range dynamics, and the fact that they can operate at high frequency, enable fast and efficient energy conversion processes in SCSC phase transition materials. In this review, the SCSC phase transition materials are analyzed by dividing them into different types of energy transformation, from the point of view of different stimuli that initiate and drive the phase transition, including the thermo‐, photo‐, electric‐, and mechanic‐induced energy transformation, and the dimensionality dependent characteristics in these processes are presented. Moreover, the state‐of‐the‐art design and fabrication of the SCSC phase transition materials as well as the mechanisms of their energy conversion processes are discussed. Finally, the challenges and future potentials are also discussed.
Chiral hybrid organic–inorganic metal halides
(HOMHs) with
intrinsic noncentrosymmetry have shown great promise for broad applications
in chiroptoelectronics, spintronics, and ferroelectronics. However,
the construction strategies for chiral HOMHs often involve chiral
building blocks in their frameworks, which greatly limit their chemical
diversity. Here, we take advantage of a chiral induction approach
and have successfully constructed a series of chiral HOMHs, DMA4MX7
(DMA = dimethylammonium, M =
Sb or Bi, X = Cl or Br), based on achiral precursors. The resulting
chiral products demonstrate a clear enantioenrichment, as confirmed
by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and solid-state circular
dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The induction of chiral HOMHs enables
superior nonlinear optical performances with very high thermal stability
and laser resistance. The successful employment of such a chiral induction
approach might facilitate the construction of libraries of chiral
HOMH crystals from diverse achiral precursors, in particular those
into which it is not easy to introduce intrinsic chiral centers, and
would thus pave a new way for rational preparation and application
of chiral HOMH materials.
Hybrid organic-inorganic metal halides (HOMHs) have recently attracted broad research interest for their structural tunability and remarkable optoelectronic properties. Among them, chiral HOMHs have demonstrated promising applications in second-order nonlinear...
A highly electron-deficient dicyanomethylene-bridged triarylborane, FMesB-TCN, was reported with low-lying LUMO and crystallization-induced emission enhancement in its block-shaped crystal. DFT calculation revealed less re-organization energy of block crystal than that...
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