This paper focuses on the classification of the bifurcation modes of a Duffing system under the combined excitations of constant force and harmonic excitation. The Harmonic Balance method combined with the arc-length continuation is used to obtain the periodic solutions of the system, and the Floquet theory is employed to analyze the stability of the corresponding solutions. Accordingly, the frequency-response curves affected respectively by the constant force and the magnitude of the harmonic excitation are analyzed to show the basic dynamical properties of the system. Afterwards, the bifurcation investigations are carried out with the aid of the two-state variable singularity method. It is derived that there are a total of six different types of bifurcation modes due to the effects of the constant force and the magnitude of the harmonic excitation. At last, the effects of the nonlinearity parameter and the damping ratio on the bifurcation modes of the system are also discussed. The results obtained in this paper extend the findings in reference that the system can have markedly three types of frequency-response curves: with only one solution, or with maximum three or five solutions for a certain excitation frequency, and contribute to a better understanding of the significant influence of the constant force.
By superposition of three asymptotic solutions, which collectively satisfy all the equilibrium and compatibility equations as well as boundary conditions, the three-dimensional crack tip stresses of a thick plate with a through-the-thickness cut are shown to be of square root singularity throughout the thickness. The near tip deformation is shown to be plane strain with stress intensity factor changing in the thickness direction. All components of the singular stresses vanish on plate surfaces. The profile of the stress intensity factor in the thickness direction cannot be determined by the asymptotic analysis alone.
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