PurposeThe identification of prognostic markers for colorectal cancer (CRC) is needed for clinical practice. Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A (ALDOA) and DEAD box p68 RNA helicase (DDX5) are commonly overexpressed in cancer and correlate with tumorigenesis. However, association between expression of ALDOA and DDX5, and CRC outcome has not been reported.Patients and methodsWe used 141 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens collected from 105 patients with CRC treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University and the People’s Hospital of Liuzhou. We performed tissue microarray based immunohistochemistry to explore expression features and prognostic value (overall survival, OS; disease-free survival, [DFS]) of ALDOA and DDX5 in CRC tissues. The prognostic values were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier analysis, and Cox regression analyses.ResultsALDOA and DDX5 were highly expressed in CRC tissues and liver metastatic CRC tissues compared with normal glandular epithelium tissues (all p<0.05). Interestingly, primary CRC tissues highly expressing ALDOA or DDX5 had poor outcome (p<0.0001 for both OS and DFS for ALDOA; p=0.001 for OS; and p=0.011 for DFS for DDX5) compared with patients who had low expression of those proteins. Furthermore, multivariate Cox analysis showed that ALDOA/DDX5 combination was an independent risk factor for OS and ALDOA was an independent risk factor for DFS.ConclusionHigh levels of ALDOA and DDX5 contribute to the aggressiveness and poor prognosis of CRC. ALDOA/DDX5 expression could be a biomarkers for the prognosis of CRC.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of laminarin on natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity of immunosuppressive mice and its mechanism. Cyclophosphamide (cy) was used to make an immunosuppressive model of mice. The mice of two groups were given interventions by gavage with laminarin 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg every day for 10 days. MACS was adopted to isolate spleen NK cells, and cytotoxicity of NK cells and IL-12, IFN-γ level in serum were detected in vivo. Cytotoxicity of NK92-MI cells, activating receptors (NKp30, NKp44, NKp46 and NKG2D) and perforin and granzyme B expression were detected in vitro. Compared to the normal control group, the cytotoxicity of NK cells, IL-12 and IFN-γ level in serum in the cy model group were all reduced significantly (p < 0.01). Compared to the cy model group, laminarin increased the cytotoxicity of NK cells, IL-12 and IFN-γ levels in serum significantly (p < 0.05). In vitro, laminarin increased the cytotoxicity, NKp30 and NKG2D, perforin and granzyme B expressions of NK92-MI cells (p < 0.01). This research showed that laminarin can promote NK cell cytotoxicity in immunosuppressive mice by increasing the levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ in serum and expressions of NKp30 and NKG2D, perforin and granzyme B.
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