Intravascular LPRLL contributes to reduction of angiographic in-stent restenosis and neointimal hyperplasia in this animal model. The optimal dose using the LPRLL balloon system seems to be approximately 5 mW delivered during 1 min.
Clinical experience suggests that overlapping coronary stents result in an increased in‐stent restenosis. This study investigates the underlying mechanisms in a porcine coronary model. Single or two overlapping self‐made stainless steel single wire sinusoidal helical coil stents were randomly deployed in the right coronary artery of 20 cross‐bred pigs. The pigs underwent a control angiogram at 6 weeks and were then sacrificed. Quantitative coronary analysis before, immediately after stent implantation, and at 6 weeks was performed using the semiautomated Polytron 1000 system. Morphometry was performed using a computerized morphometric program. Angiographic analysis revealed a decreased recoil in the overlapping group (1% vs 4%: P < 0.02) and a significantly larger minimal stent lumen diameter at follow‐up in the single stent group (2.87 ± 0.16 vs 2.58 ± 0.22 mm, P = 0.005). Histopathology showed a significantly increased injury (1.27 ± 0.43 vs 0.83 ± 0.44, P = 0.042) and inflammatory reaction (1.51 ± 0.11 vs 1.09 ± 0.54, P = 0.035) surrounding the stent filaments in the overlapping stent group. Morphometric analysis showed a significantly higher neointimal hyperplasia (3.34 ± 0.68 vs 2.16 ± 1.48 mm2, P = 0.034) in the overlapping stent group. Overlapping stents result in a more pronounced coronary vessel injury resulting in more inflammation and neointimal hyperplasia compared to single stents.
This paper presents the control design and experimental results of an electronic fuel injection system of a diesel engine with a rack actuator. The control system has a cascade structure and consists of rack position control and engine speed control loops. A decomposition-based robustladaptive control method is utilized for rack position control, and a fuzzy-PID control scheme is developed for the engine speed control. The proposed control system has been implemented on a diesel engine, and experimental results have demonstrated high performance of the developed control system for all working modes of the engine in the presence of model uncertainties such as spring deformation, fuel temperature variations and unmodeled friction. Index Terms -Diesel engine control, rack actuator, fuel injection control, decomposition-based control, and fuzzy-PID control.
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