No effective treatment has been identified for patients of liver cirrhosis (LC) associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and severe thrombocytopenia. We aimed to explore the effectiveness and safety of low-dose prednisone or cyclosporine A (CsA) combined with nucleoside analog (NA) in patients with severe thrombocytopenia associated with HBV-related LC. We included 145 consecutive compensated HBV-associated LC patients with severe thrombocytopenia between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2013. We divided the patients into three groups by treatment strategy, including NA only (n = 57), NA plus prednisone (n = 46), and NA plus CsA (n = 42). We analyzed the platelet counts, bleeding events, liver function, replication of HBV, and outcomes in each group. At all time points during this observation, the platelet counts in prednisone or CsA group were higher than those in the NA only group. There are significant differences in the cumulative rates of bleeding events among the three groups. The platelet counts and treatment were factors associated with bleeding events in multivariate analysis. The differences in HBV-DNA negative rates, HBV-DNA elevated rates, normal serum alanine transaminase rates, serum alanine transaminase elevated more than two times the baseline rates, and HBeAg seropositive conversion ratio among the groups did not reach statistical significance. The adverse events in our study were, in general, mild and balanced among the three treatment groups. Treatment with low-dose prednisone or CsA plus NA could elevate the platelet counts and reduce the risk of bleeding events in HBV LC with severe thrombocytopenia.
The analysis, modeling and simulation of the avionics system is the flexible and effective method to evaluate and study avionics system with IMA architecture. With Queueing Theory, we summarize the stability condition, analyze and approximate the end-to-end delay in FC tandem network. In the OPNET, we simulate FC tandem network by building periphery node model, switch node model and the queue process model. Simulation result shows that, under the stability condition, the number of periphery nodes, or the rate of sending data packets has almost linear relationship to end-to-end delay, as the number of switches does nonlinear one.
Power shortage is one of critical issues stalling the development of wireless sensor networks. This paper attempts to address this issue by means of microwave power transmission. In this paper, we propose a sensor node framework using a high-frequency microwave power transmitting module to allow sensor nodes to transmit power to others. We introduce the process of exchanging power between two adjacent sensor nodes and design a power transmission routing protocol called PTR in this paper. PTR optimizes the power transmission of a whole network so that the power of energy sources can efficiently reach any sensor node in the network. We have done simulations and analysis on this framework and the results are positive.
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