Ectomycorrhiza-associated bacteria, especially endofungal bacterial microbiota (EBM) in the fruiting body, play important roles in driving the establishment and function of ectomycorrhizae. However, the influence of ectomycorrhizal fungus bolete identity on their EBM is still unclear. We analysed the EBM of three different bolete fruiting body species on Thousand Island Lake, including Tylopilus felleus, Tylopilus areolatus and Boletus queletii, and compared them with their corresponding mycosphere soil bacterial microbiota by high-throughput sequencing. The EBM was classified into Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Burkholderia and Stenotrophomonas genera. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria were predominant in the EBM of bolete fruiting bodies as well as their mycosphere soil, while Firmicutes was significantly higher in the EBM. Moreover, the core microbiome (342 operational taxonomic units) of the EBM was shared among the three bolete fungal species. The relative abundances of gene families related to cell cycle control and nucleotide, coenzyme and lipid metabolism were significantly higher in the EBM than in the corresponding mycosphere soil bacterial microbiota, but there was no difference among the three different boletes. The results suggested that the host identity of ectomycorrhizal fungus boletes could affect the EBM, which might be mainly due to the selection of host fungi for the different functional EBM needed.

No abstract

No abstract

Stimulating compost humification is an important way for carbon sequestration and that in itself is significant, especial under the context of carbon neutrality. However, a longer humification cycle occurs in the traditional composting. Microbial inoculants markedly increase the formation of humus during composting, which attracts extensive attention. Microbial inoculants as a bioaugmentation technology, their perfermances on compost humification are significantly influenced by material nature, microbial species, inoculation dosages, and inoculation methods. So far, the effects of microbial inoculants on compost maturity and microbial diversity are known though previous published reviews, while the overview of their regulatory role in humus formation still be relatively absent. This review innovatively summarized the promotion effects of microbial inoculants on humification process and related biological mechanisms during composting. Lastly, further research on the development of microbial inoculants and the optimization of inoculation methods will promote humification process and produce high quality compost.