Sclerosing hemangioma of the lung is a benign neoplasm with a widely debated histogenesis. It has a polymorphic histomorphology characterized by a biphasic cell population of “surface cells” and “round cells” arranged in four general patterns: Papillary, solid, angiomatous, and sclerotic. This variability in histomorphology makes it difficult to diagnose sclerosing hemangioma by fine needle aspiration (FNA). We present a case of sclerosing hemangioma diagnosed on FNA with immunohistochemistry performed on an accompanied cell block. The clinical presentation, cytomorphology, immunohistochemistry, and differential diagnoses are discussed.
Objectives Recent investigations have shown strong correlations between cytology and surgical non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) specimens in programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluations. Our study aims to evaluate the reproducibility of PD-L1 IHC scoring in NSCLC cytology cell blocks (CBs) and to assess the impact of CB cellularity, method of sample collection, and observer subspecialty on scoring agreement. Methods PD-L1 IHC was performed on 54 NSCLC cytology CBs and was scored independently by seven cytopathologists (three of seven with expertise in pulmonary pathology). Three-tier scoring of negative (<1%), low positive (1%-49%), and high positive (≥50%) and interrater agreement were assessed. Results Total and majority agreement among cytopathologists was achieved in 48% and 98% of cases, respectively, with κ = 0.608 (substantial agreement; 95% confidence interval, 0.50-0.72). Cytopathologists with pulmonary pathology expertise agreed in 67% of cases (κ = 0.633, substantial agreement), whereas the remaining cytopathologists agreed in 56% of cases (κ = 0.62, substantial agreement). CB cellularity (P = .36) and sample collection type (P = .59) had no statistically significant difference between raters. Conclusions There is substantial agreement in PD-L1 IHC scoring in cytology CB specimens among cytopathologists. Additional expertise in pulmonary pathology, sample collection type, and CB cellularity have no statistically significant impact on interobserver agreement.
Leiomyosarcoma of the breast is rarely encountered in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic material. We report a case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the breast in a 52-yr-old female. Aspiration cytology showed large, dissociated round to spindle cells with abundant vacuolated cytoplasm, pleomorphic nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and occasional intranuclear cytoplasmic invaginations. Mitotic figures, osteoclast-like giant cells, and stromal fragments were identified. A diagnosis of malignant neoplasm representing either a sarcoma, a poorly differentiated carcinoma, or a metaplastic carcinoma was made. The patient underwent a wide excision of the lesion after negative work-up. Histologic examination and immunohistochemical studies established the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. This case is presented here because we feel that, although FNA cytology with eventual ancillary studies is a valuable diagnostic tool to evaluate any breast mass, malignant spindle cell neoplasms of the breast still represent a diagnostic challenge for the cytopathologist. Recognition of all cytologic features of leiomyosarcoma may help to formulate a correct diagnosis.
Background: Plexiform fibromyxoma (PF) is a very rare mesenchymal tumor of the stomach. Here we report one case of this unusual gastric tumor that was pathologically confirmed after endoscopic resection. Its clinical and pathologic features were observed while the relevant literature was reviewed. Case presentation: A 1.0 cm round elevated submucosal mass was discovered by gastroscopy in a 44-year-old Chinese woman due to recurrent abdominal pain. The tumor was characterized by a multinodular plexiform pattern, bland-looking oval to spindle cells, and a myxoid stroma with thin arborizing capillaries. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that the tumor cells were positive for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and negative for CD117, DOG-1, CD34, Desmin, progesterone receptor (PR), CD10, S100 and SOX10. A diagnosis of PF was rendered.Conclusion: Gastric PF is a benign tumor without evidence of local recurrence and distant metastasis. This case emphasizes the unique histological appearance and immunophenotype of PF to promote early diagnosis, while endoscopic resection can be used as an alternative treatment for small and superficial PF.
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