Key pointsr A strong correlation between disordered breathing patterns, elevated sympathetic nerve activity and enhanced chemoreflex sensitivity exists in patients with heart failure.r Evidence indicates that disordered breathing patterns and increased sympathetic nerve activity increases arrhythmia incidence in patients with heart failure.r Enhanced coupling between sympathetic and respiratory neural drive underlies elevated sympathetic nerve activity in an animal model of sleep apnoea.r We investigated the impact of carotid body chemoreceptor denervation on sympathetic nerve activity, disordered breathing and sympatho-respiratory coupling in an animal model of heart failure.r Renal sympathetic nerve activity, apnoea/hypopnoea incidence, variability measures of tidal volume and respiratory rate and arrhythmia incidence were quantified during resting breathing in heart failure animals with and without carotid body ablation.r Our results indicate that carotid body chemoreceptor denervation reduces sympathetic nerve activity, disordered breathing patterns, arrhythmia incidence and sympatho-respiratory coupling in experimental heart failure.r These findings suggest that device-oriented ablation of carotid body chemoreceptors is a viable treatment option for reduction of sympathetic nerve activity, disordered breathing patterns and arrhythmia incidence in heart failure.Abstract In congestive heart failure (CHF), carotid body (CB) chemoreceptor activity is enhanced and is associated with oscillatory (Cheyne-Stokes) breathing patterns, increased sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and increased arrhythmia incidence. We hypothesized that denervation of the CB (CBD) chemoreceptors would reduce SNA, reduce apnoea and arrhythmia incidence and improve ventricular function in pacing-induced CHF rabbits. Resting breathing, renal SNA (RSNA) and arrhythmia incidence were measured in three groups of animals: (1) sham CHF/sham-CBD (sham-sham); (2) CHF/sham-CBD (CHF-sham); and (3) CHF/CBD (CHF-CBD). Chemoreflex sensitivity was measured as the RSNA and minute ventilatory (V E ) responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia. Respiratory pattern was measured by plethysmography and quantified by an apnoea-hypopnoea index, respiratory rate variability index and the coefficient of variation of tidal volume. Sympatho-respiratory coupling (SRC) was assessed using power spectral analysis and the magnitude of the peak coherence function between tidal volume and RSNA frequency spectra. Arrhythmia incidence and low frequency/high frequency ratio of heart rate variability were assessed using ECG and blood pressure waveforms, respectively. RSNA andV E responses to hypoxia were augmented in CHF-sham and abolished in CHF-CBD animals. Resting RSNA was greater in CHF-sham compared to sham-sham animals (43 ± 5% max vs. 23 ± 2% max, P < 0.05), and this increase was not found in CHF-CBD animals (25 ± 1% max, P < 0.05 vs. CHF-sham). Low frequency/high frequency heart rate variability ratio was similarly increased in CHF and reduced by CBD (P < 0.05). Respiratory ...
These results indicate that elevation of Ang II and concomitant upregulation of AT1 receptor in the CB contribute to the increased CB chemoreceptor activity and enhanced peripheral chemoreflex function in CHF.
Coal liquefaction is the available, adoptable method of relieving the energy crisis from crude oil supply in large scale. The coal type and react activity are hot research. In this paper, From the SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) data correlation analysis and hierarchical clustering graph about the macerals respond to coal liquefaction yield, all the correlation coefficients determine the liquefying activity of submacerals. It shows that every liquefaction intendancy is agreed with the maceral inherent petrology property, and these views have been found in previous study. The results indicated that by means of SPSS method, we can take investigation when there is not proper experiment condition. Compared with painstaking seperating-maceral experiment and the impossible separation to submacerals, it may be a simple, accurate, comprehensively, completely and practically method in a sense.
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