A spinel-structured LiNi0.5-xCr2xMn1.5-xO4(x=0, 0.05) were prepared via co-precipitation routes. The experiment results from XRD, SEM and electrochemical analyses show that the substitutions of Ni and Cr for Mn in LiMn2O4can not prevent Mn2+from being oxidized into Mn3+in solution process, however,Mn2+oxidation does not change their final crystal structures of spinel phase, but do influence the Li/Ni2+cation mixing and Mn3+occurrence in lattice. After substitution the first charge and discharge capacities decrease but its cycleability is improved significantly, especially for the Ni and Cr co-substitution
Micro-defects inside metal matrix composite structure seriously influence the mechanic properties of materials and can undermine machine operations. In order to detect the micro-defects, we can make use of one of the nonlinear acoustic features, i.e., harmonics, which usually appear together with ultrasound when propagating through a damaged material. Based on the relationship between the harmonics, a method of using nonlinear acoustic harmonic amplitude ratio to distinguish micro-defects in metal matrix composite structure is discussed. The test results show that acoustic features, such as second harmonic excitation efficiency were very obvious for the damaged group samples. The method presented is effective in detecting the micro-defects, which means that nonlinear acoustic waves may provide us a good solution for quantitative evaluation of the early damages in metal matrix composite structure.
In order to improve the anti-oxidation of C/C composites, a C/SiC functionally graded coating for C/C composites was prepared by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) using methyltrichlorosilane (MTS, CH3SiCl3) and H2 as precursors. The relative amount of C and SiC in coatings was varied by controlling the input ratio of H2 to MTS. The phase composition and morphology were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the content distribution of C and SiC phases were investigated by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The isothermal oxidation test was evaluated at 900 °C and 1500 °C respectively. The results showed that the as-obtained coatings were possessed of a dense and uniform structure, and the SiC content in coatings increased with an increment of the molar ratio of H2 to MTS. The C/SiC coating had a good oxidation resistance.
In order to further study the cracks initiation and distribution mechanism of SiC coating, then optimize the coating structure and composition on surface of C/C composites, CVD method is used to deposit SiC coating on C/C composites and pyrolytic carbon. Through the analysis on the reasons of cracks initiation via SEM, the influence of different kinds of substrates and the toughening of SiC whisker on the cracks initiation and distribution are researched. The results show that the cracks easily form in the area near the defects and sample edge, and the cracks also mainly distribute in the direction which are perpendicular to the first fiber layer. Compared with pyrolytic carbon matrix, cracks on C/C composites matrix are width and numerous, and SiC whisker toughening coating can significantly reduce the number of cracks.
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