Objectives: This study aimed to examine the level of stigma and identify the correlates of stigma among lung cancer patients in China.Methods: In total, 283 lung cancer patients were recruited from a tertiary cancer center in China by the convenience sampling method and completed a demographic, disease-related information and situational characteristics questionnaire and selfreported measures assessing stigma, state self-esteem, and coping self-efficacy.Results: The mean stigma score was moderate (2.38 ± 0.45). Stigma was significantly and negatively associated with state self-esteem (r = -0.607, P < .001) and coping self-efficacy (r = -0.424, P < .001). Multivariable linear regression showed that age, cancer stage, negative changes (ie, in financial burden, body image, and family relationship), cancer disclosure, perceived blame, state self-esteem, and coping selfefficacy accounted for 49.9% of the variance in stigma.Conclusions: Stigma is a widespread psychosocial phenomenon among patients with lung cancer in China. Health care policy-makers and professionals should pay more attention to this issue and take effective measures to address stigma among lung cancer patients by improving their state self-esteem and coping self-efficacy, encouraging cancer disclosure and providing support for adjusting to negative changes after diagnosis.

Firstly, the geometry condition of useful wrinkles during the hydroforming of double-cone tube was given. Then the stress condition of useful wrinkles was given by formula between the parameters of wrinkles shape at the end of axial feeding and internal pressure, hoop stress and axial stress. The analytical results were compared with the FEM analysis and experiments results. The results show that the useful wrinkles must meet both the geometry condition and the stress condition. The geometry condition of useful wrinkles is that the area of arbitrary length of wrinkles is a little smaller than the area of corresponding die cavity. The stress condition of useful wrinkles is that shape parameter G is not smaller than the radius R at the top of middle wrinkle. That means the increment of thickness strain dεt is positive and no thickness thinning will occur during the calibration. When the wrinkles didn’t match geometry condition, the dead wrinkles or bursting will take place. And when the wrinkles didn’t match stress condition, the bursting at top of middle wrinkle will occur during the calibration.

The analytic formula of the thickness demarcation circle during hydroforming of double-cone tube is derived by using the mechanical analysis and the total strain theory. The effect of friction coefficient, expansion coefficient, ratio of axial stress to internal pressure, length of feeding zone, and initial thickness of tube on the thickness distribution can be given by this formula quantitatively, and the analytic results were compared with the FEM analysis and experimental results. The results show that with the increasing of friction coefficient, the ratio of axial stress to internal pressure, the relative length of feeding zone, the distance between thickness demarcation circle and tube end decreased, that means the increasing of length of the thinning zone, and with the increasing of relative thickness of tube blank, the distance between thickness demarcation circle and tube end increased, that means decreasing of length of the thinning zone.

Due to bad welds including small button, weld expulsion, and weld whisker etc., it is studied that the effect of constant and variable electrode force with servo gun on the weld quality of high strength steels with different thickness and materials. The results show that the electrode force plays an important role in resistance spot welding of AHSS as well as that of mild steels. Under the same welding current and time, better welds with higher tensile shear strength and larger nugget size can be obtained by optimizing electrode force curve using servo gun. The solutions could supply reference to study the prospect of servo gun in the joining of high strength steels.

The mechanical properties and microstructure of the high strength low alloy HC340LA were obtained with different strain rate. The research shows that the better plasticity, higher tensile strength and yield ratio can be found in high speed tensile state than in quasi-static tension. The plasticity and tensile strength decrease with the increasing of the strain rate during the high speed tension. With the increasing of the strain rate, the grain size of the ferrite decreases and its distribution is uneven, and the grain boundaries increases. The HSLA steel HC340LA submit to obvious Ductile Frecture mechanism. The size of the dimples is more uniform, bigger and deeper with the strain rate 50 s-1 than with the strain rate 200 s-1. Therefore, the higher strain rate with over strain rate 50 s-1 has less Superscript textcontribution to the improvement of plasticity of the HSLA steel HC340LA.