The application of artificial intelligence (AI) has been considered as a revolutionary change in drug discovery and development. In 2020, AlphaFold computer program predicted protein structures for the whole human...

Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8), as a kinase subunit of the Mediator complex, is involved in the regulation of RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription, thereby modulating multiple signaling pathways and multiple transcription factors involved in oncogenic control. CDK8 deregulation has been implicated in human diseases, particularly in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and advanced solid tumors, where it has been reported as a putative oncogene. Here, we report the successful optimization of an azaindole series of CDK8 inhibitors that were identified and further progressed through a structure-based generative chemistry approach. In several optimization cycles, we improved in vitro microsomal stability, kinase selectivity, and in vivo pharmacokinetic profile cross-species, leading to the discovery of compound 23, which demonstrated robust tumor growth inhibition in multiple in vivo efficacy models after oral administration.