Objective. To explore the regularity of fetal lung development of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with satisfactory blood glucose control and the clinical analysis with pregnancy outcome. Methods. 120 GDM pregnant women with satisfactory blood glucose control (GDM group) and 200 normal pregnant women undergoing prenatal examination (Control group) from 31 to 38 + 6 weeks of gestation were included. The two groups of pregnant women were divided into 8 time periods according to the gestational age, respectively. The parameters of Doppler flow velocity curve of fetal main pulmonary artery, diameter lines of fetal lung development, mode of delivery, neonatal weight, neonatal asphyxia, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), and neonatal pneumonia were, respectively, compared and analyzed between the two groups. Results. Acceleration time (AT) and AT/ejection time (AT/ET) were positively correlated with gestational age, and AT/ET showed stronger correlation than AT, while no significant difference in AT and AT/ET between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ). There was a positive correlation between the diameter of fetal lung development and gestational age, but there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ). In addition, there was no significant difference between the two groups in fetal delivery mode, neonatal weight, neonatal asphyxia, NRDS, and neonatal pneumonia ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusion. AT/ET may be a potential index to evaluate fetal lung maturity. There was no difference in fetal lung development and neonatal birth outcome between pregnant women with satisfactory GDM blood glucose control and the normal pregnant women. The pregnancy of GDM pregnant women lasts until the end of 37∼38 weeks, and the neonatal incidence rate is decreased. The key is to manipulate the blood glucose in the normal range.
Objective To establish the normal parameters of fetal lung development at different gestational ages and to study their correlation with gestational age, thereby providing clinicians with a noninvasive method for assessing fetal lung maturity. Methods Two hundred eight cases with pregnancy of 22 to 39 weeks plus 6 days were divided into 18 groups according to gestational age. Ultrasound Doppler was used to measure the relevant parameters of fetal pulmonary development, including right pulmonary left and right diameter, right pulmonary upper and lower diameter, right pulmonary anterior and posterior diameter, right pulmonary area, thoracic area, inner diameter of fetal main pulmonary artery, and Doppler velocity curve parameters of main pulmonary artery: systolic acceleration time (AT), ejection time (ET), AT/ET. Results This study establishes normal parameters of lung development at different gestational weeks, draws scatter plots, correlation, and regression analysis of fetal main pulmonary artery AT, ET, AT/ET, and gestational weeks; selects the optimal equation; and analyzes the correlation among right pulmonary left and right diameter, right pulmonary upper and lower diameter, right pulmonary anterior and posterior diameter, right lung diameter, right lung area, thoracic area, and gestational weeks; and draw growth curve. The diameter of main pulmonary artery, AT, and AT/ET increased with the increase of gestational age and were positively correlated with gestational age (r = 0.948, 0.875, 0.810; P = 0.012). Ejection time had no correlation with gestational weeks. There were significant differences in the diameter of main pulmonary artery, AT, AT/ET between different gestational weeks (F = 240.67, 41.137, 23.067; P = 0.024); left and right diameter of right lung, anterior and posterior diameter of right lung, upper and lower diameter of right lung, chest area and right lung area were positively correlated with gestational weeks, and there were significant differences between different gestational weeks (F = 190.85, 105.74, 34.97, 172.33, 35.33, P = 0.018). Conclusions Ultrasound Doppler can be used as a noninvasive detecting equipment to evaluate the growth of fetal lung, thus providing a basis for the evaluation of fetal lung maturity.
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