Our objective was to observe the effects of milk fat substrates (MFS) [acetate combined with long-chain fatty acid (FA)] supplementation on lactation performance and milk FA composition of cows fed an energy-and nutrient-deficient diet. Eight Holstein cows (99 ± 11 d) were averagely assigned to two diets based on either corn stover (CS) or mixed forages (MFs). Experiment included two stages and each lasted for 27 d with a 21 d preliminary and a 6 d infusion. Cows with CS diet [NE L = 1.35 Mcal kg −1 of dry matter (DM)] received carrier at the first 3 d and MFS at the following 3 d of infusion period. Cows with MF diet (NE L = 1.66 Mcal kg −1 of DM) received carrier during the 6 d infusion period. The differences in milk production, milk yields of fat, and protein between the two diet groups were compensated by MFS infusion (from −3.5 to −1.3, −0.19 to −0.08, and −0.13 to −0.07 kg d −1 , respectively). Infusion of MFS increased the concentrations of 18:2 and 18:3 in milk fat. The results suggested that supplement of MFS could influence milk fat synthesis and lactation performance in cows fed an energy-and nutrient-deficient diet.
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