Consideration of e-health record systems in Australia started in 2000. Based on the effort to develop stand-alone and state-wide systems, the national Personally Controlled Electronic Health Record system was released on July 1, 2012. However this system has been widely criticised, although stakeholders are in favour of a national system. To overcome the challenges to the system and achieve its benefits, recommendations are provided for improving system effectiveness and usability, and adopting applicable government policies.
In 2005, Chinese government defined its direction to electronic health records and electronic medical records. Up to 2012, hundreds of electronic health record systems and electronic medical systems have been developed, but the systems are still in their infancy, and China is facing a variety of challenges in implementation of the systems. To overcome the challenges and achieve system benefits, recommendations are provided for implementing a national electronic health system.
One of the problems in software cost estimation is how to evaluate estimation models. Estimation models are usually evaluated against two attributes: estimation accuracy and estimation consistency. A number of measures are reported in the literature, but they have shortcomings. There is no generally accepted standard to evaluate estimation models and the existing measures sometimes are not consistent among themselves. This paper examines existing measures of estimation accuracy and consistency and proposes two new ones: the weighted mean of quartiles of relative errors (WMQ) as a measure of accuracy and the standard deviation of the ratios of the estimate to actual observation (SDR) as a measure of consistency. Besides, a new regression criterion is proposed to determine model parameters. The proposed measures and criterion were tested with a data set from real world software projects. Results obtained show that these new measures and criterion overcome many of the difficulties of the existing ones.
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