A major question in the investigation of multiple emulsions of WOW-type is that of stability and ripening, which is often reflected in the droplet-size distribution (DSD). The DSD is an important parameter for judging product properties. Instability in multiple emulsions is often linked to molecular exchange between inner and outer water phases (W 1 , W 2 ), which has to be taken into account. For example, coalescence phenomena and Ostwald ripening affect microscopic and/or macroscopic stability and therefore the multi-dispersity of an emulsion. This is especially important as the inner compartment can act for encapsulating active agents. NMR investigations on emulsions are mainly based on the analysis of diffusion properties of molecules in the different compartments. For determination of the DSD of the inner and outer droplets, it is crucial to know the physical effects influencing the NMR-signal. Depending on these effects, the NMR data are analyzed by different models, depending for example on the occurrence and time scale of molecular exchange between the phases. They are shown to yield correct DSDs. Evidence for the effect of diffusion between phases is given by using the phenomenon of driven diffusion, which allows a direct detection of the exchange by NMR. The exchange is confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy.

The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between Doppler ultrasound blood flow parameters and angiogenesis and proliferation activity in breast cancer. Material/Methods: We enrolled breast cancer patients (n=55) and benign tumor patients (n=40) from Tengzhou Central People's Hospital from Mar 2014 to Dec 2016. Doppler ultrasound examination was conducted to determine blood flow parameters, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) experiments were performed to determine the protein expression of angiogenesis genes, cell proliferation genes, and tumor-suppressor genes. Results: Compared with benign tumors, the maximum velocity (Vmax) and resistance index (RI) were significantly different in I-II stage and III-IV stage breast cancer (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). IHC assay showed that VEDGF165, NRP-1, SphK1, CD31, YAP, CTGF, and Gli2 proteins expressions were significantly higher in breast cancer patients (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). PTEN and MFN2 protein expressions of breast cancer patients were significantly lower (P<0.01 or P<0.001, respectively) compared with those of benign tumor patients. VEDGF165, NRP-1, SphK1, CD31, YAP, CTGF, and Gli2 proteins expressions were positively correlated with Vmax and negatively correlated with RI in breast cancer. PTEN and MFN2 protein expressions were negative correlated with Vmax and positively correlated with RI in breast cancer patients. Conclusions: Decreased RI and increased Vmax are correlated with angiogenesis, proliferation, and tumor suppression in breast cancer.

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