We aimed to investigate the effect of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) on the growth performances and lipid metabolism of common carp fed high‐fat diets. 192 fish were randomly distributed into 24 tanks into six groups (four replicates) and were fed with control diet, high‐fat diet (HFD) and HFD supplemented with 5, 10, 20 and 30 g/kgXOS respectively for 8 weeks. Fish fed HFD supplemented with 10 g/kg XOS obtained higher final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio compared to those fed control diet and HFD, while feed conversion ratio showed the opposite trend. Fish fed HFD obtained higher hepatosomatic index, abdominal fat, energy intake compared to other groups, whereas the opposite was true for nitrogen retention. High plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein and low high‐density lipoprotein were observed in fish fed HFD; opposite was true for fish fed HFD supplemented with 10–20 g/kg XOS. The transcription of lipoprotein lipase was up‐regulated, whereas that of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors alpha, acyl‐CoA oxidase and CD36 were down‐regulated in fish fed HFD. Opposite trend was observed in fish fed HFD supplemented with 10–20 g/kg XOS as well as the control group. In conclusion, XOS inclusion can benefit the growth performance and lipid metabolism of common carp fed HFD.
Background
Areas with saline soils are sparsely populated and have fragile ecosystems, which severely restricts the sustainable development of local economies. Zoysia grasses are recognized as excellent warm-season turfgrasses worldwide, with high salt tolerance and superior growth in saline-alkali soils. However, the mechanism underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia species remains unknown.
Results
The phenotypic and physiological responses of two contrasting materials, Zoysia japonica Steud. Z004 (salt sensitive) and Z011 (salt tolerant) in response to salt stress were studied. The results show that Z011 was more salt tolerant than was Z004, with the former presenting greater K+/Na+ ratios in both its leaves and roots. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance further, we compared the transcriptomes of the two materials at different time points (0 h, 1 h, 24 h, and 72 h) and from different tissues (leaves and roots) under salt treatment. The 24-h time point and the roots might make significant contributions to the salt tolerance. Moreover, GO and KEGG analyses of different comparisons revealed that the key DEGs participating in the salt-stress response belonged to the hormone pathway, various TF families and the DUF family.
Conclusions
Zoysia salt treatment transcriptome shows the 24-h and roots may make significant contributions to the salt tolerance. The auxin signal transduction family, ABA signal transduction family, WRKY TF family and bHLH TF family may be the most important families in Zoysia salt-stress regulation.
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