Betaine is a new surfactant with good application prospects in high-temperature and high-salinity reservoirs. The interfacial properties of two kinds of betaine mixtures with a good synergistic effect were evaluated in this paper. On this basis, the effects of temperature-resistant, salt-resistant polymers with different contents of 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) on dynamic interfacial tensions (IFTs) against n-alkanes and crude oil were studied. The experimental results show that the IFTs between betaine ASB and n-alkanes can be reduced to ultra-low values by compounding with anionic surfactant petroleum sulfonate (PS) and extended anionic surfactant alkoxyethylene carboxylate (AEC), respectively. ASB@AEC is very oil-soluble with nmin value ≥14, and ASB@PS is relatively water-soluble with nmin value of 10. The water solubility of both ASB@PS and ASB@AEC is enhanced by the addition of water-soluble polymers. The HLB of the ASB@AEC solution becomes better against crude oil after the addition of polymers, and the IFT decreases to an ultra-low value as a result. On the contrary, the antagonistic effect in reducing the IFT can be observed for ASB@PS in the same case. In a word, polymers affect the IFTs of surfactant solutions by regulating the HLB.
Intelligent polymers have become the focus of attention worldwide. Intelligent polymer materials through organic synthesis methods are used to make inanimate organic materials become “feeling” and “sentient”. Intelligent polymer materials have been applied in actual engineering production, and they are becoming a new research topic for scientists in various fields and countries, especially in the areas of drilling and plugging. The development of intelligent polymer materials can provide new solutions and technical means for drilling and plugging. Unlike traditional plugging materials, intelligent polymer plugging materials can cope with environmental changes. They have the characteristics of a strong target, good plugging effect, and no damage to the reservoir. However, there are currently no reviews on intelligent polymer plugging materials in the drilling field, so this paper fills that gap by reviewing the research progress of intelligent polymer plugging materials. In addition, this paper describes the mechanism and application status of intelligent polymer shape-memory polymers, intelligent polymer gels, intelligent polymer membranes, and intelligent polymer bionic materials in drilling and plugging. It is also pointed out that some intelligent polymer plugging materials still have problems, such as insufficient toughness and a poor resistance to salt and high temperature. At the same time, some suggestions for future research directions are also presented for reference.
With the rapid development of economy, the demand for energy is increasing rapidly. And the output and processing amount of vacuum residue oil are also increasing year by year. The processing of vacuum residue oil is always a difficult problem in petrochemical industry. The high viscosity is the significant characteristic of vacuum residue oil. It is easy to cause serious influence in residue oil processing, such as reactor blockage. With the development of ultrasonic technology, ultrasonic viscosity reduction has become the focus of research. Its potential role in petrochemical industry has attracted more and more attention. Ultrasonic viscosity reducing vacuum residue oil is a new viscosity reducing process. Compared with the traditional viscosity reduction method, it has good viscosity reduction effect. The research progress of ultrasonic viscosity reducing vacuum residue oil is reviewed. In this paper, the mechanism of ultrasonic action, physical and chemical effects, ultrasonic viscosity reduction treatment conditions, viscosity reduction residue oil system influence and viscosity recovery, ultrasonic sound field simulation are reviewed and analyzed. In addition, ultrasound has a synergistic effect. Ultrasonic synergistic physicochemical methods (microwave; hydrogen donor) also has remarkable effects. Ultrasonic treatment technology is adopted on the basis of traditional microwave viscosity reduction and residue oil hydrogenation donor. This kind of ultrasonic collaborative method has excellent application prospect. But there are problems with this technology. The research direction of ultrasonic viscosity reduction residue oil in the future is also suggested. It can provide reference for related research.
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